LACRIMAL GLAND_PURPLE/RED

Question 1

WHAT % OF THE AQUEOUS PORTION OF TEARS DOES THE LACRIMAL GLAND PRODUCE?

Answer 1

70%

Question 2

WHAT % OF THE AQUEOUS PORTION OF TEARS DOES THE 3RD EYELID GLAND PRODUCE?

Answer 2

30%

Question 3

WHAT GLAND PRODUCES THE OUTER LIPID PORTION OF TEARS?

Answer 3

MEIBOMIAN GLAND

Question 4

what produces the innermost mucous portion of the tears?

Answer 4

conjunctival goblet cells

Question 5

name the afferent and efferent nerves for tear production

Answer 5

trigeminalnerve- afferent
facial nerve- efferent

Question 6

what cells make up the immune system aspect of the tear film?

Answer 6

• lysozyme
• immunoglobulins
• leukocytes

Question 7

how many lacrimal puncta do dogs and rabbits have?

Answer 7

rabbits have 1
dogs have 2

Question 8

list the 5 aspects of the drainage apparatus

Answer 8

1. lacrimal puncta
2. lacrimal canaliculi
3. lacrimal sac
4. lacrimal duct
5. nasal punctum

Question 9

true/ false KCS is more common in cats than dogs

Answer 9

false
most common in dogs

Question 10

what is alacrima

Answer 10

lack of tear production
- congenital
- cause of KCS

Question 11

LIST 3 DRUGS THAT CAN CAUSE KCS

Answer 11

• ATROPINE
• GENERAL ANESTHETICS
• SULPHA ANTIBIOTICS

Question 12

LIST 2 INFECTIOUS AGENTS THAT CAN CAUSE KCS

Answer 12

1. DISTEMPER VIRUS
2. FELINE HERPES VIRUS

Question 13

WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF KCS?

Answer 13

AUTOIMMUNE ADENITIS

Question 14

WHAT ARE THE NORMAL PARAMETERS FOR A SCHIRMER’S TEAR TEST?

Answer 14

15-25 mm/min

Question 15

what numbers indicate KCS on STT?

Answer 15

<10mm/min

Question 16

WHAT IS THE DRUG OF CHOICE FOR KCS?

Answer 16

TOPICAL CYCLOSPORIN

Question 17

HOW LONG AFTER USE OF CYCLOSPORIN IS RESULTS SEEN?

Answer 17

2-4 WEEKS

Question 18

HOW DOES CYCLOSPORIN MANAGE KCS?

Answer 18

• STOPS AUTOIMMUNE ADENITIS
• HORMONE- LIKE STIMULATORY EFFECT ON TEARING

Question 19

NAME 1 SURGICAL THERAPY FOR KCS

Answer 19

PAROTID DUCT TRANSPOSITION
- OPEN- ON CHEEK, IN MOUTH
- CLOSED- ONLY IN MOUTH

Question 20

LIST 5 COMMON CLINICAL SIGNS ASSOCIATED WITH KCS

Answer 20

1. THICK MUCOPURULENT DISCHARGE
2. CONJUNCTIVAL HYPEREMIA
3. CORNEAL OEDEMA
4. CHEMOSIS
5. CONJUNCTIVITIS/KERATITIS

Question 21

LIST 4 CAUSES OF EPIPHORA DUE TO OUTFLOW OBSTRUCTION

Answer 21

1.IMPERFORATE LACRIMAL PUNCTUM IN DOGS
2. IMPERFORATE NASAL PUNCTUM IN HORSES
3. MALPOSITIONED PUNCTA
4. SYMBLEPHARON

Question 22

LIST 4 CAUSES OF EPIPHORA DUE TO HYPERSECRETION

Answer 22

1. CORNEAL ULCER
2. GLAUCOMA
3. DISTICHIASIS
4. ENTROPION

Question 23

HOW TO DIAGNOSE OUTFLOW OBSTRUCTION OF THE LACRIMAL SYSTEM?

Answer 23

USE FLUORESCEIN DYE INJECTED IN THE CONJUNCTIVAL SAC
- SHOULD SEE IT IN THE NOSE IN 3MINS
- THEN FLUSH WITH A CANNULA AND SALINE

Question 24

WHERE IS THE LACRIMAL PUNCTA OF THE RABBIT LOCATED?

Answer 24

VENTROMEDIALLY

Question 25

WHERE IS THE LACRIMAL PUNCTA OF DOG LOCATED?

Answer 25

MEDIALLY- DORSAL AND VENTRAL

Question 26

LIST 4 COMMON CLINICAL SIGNS ASSOCIATED WITH DACRYOCYSTITIS

Answer 26

1. CHRONIC UNILATERAL SIGNS 2. EPIPHORA 3. MUCOPURULENT DISCARGE 4. MEDIAL CANTHUS ABCESS

Question 27

HOW TO TREAT LACRIMAL GLAND OBSTRUCTIONS?

Answer 27

1. NASOLACRIMAL FLUSH 2. ANTIBIOTICS- Neomycin; Bacitracin; Polymyxin B 3. STEROIDS- CYCLOSPORIN 4. ENLARGE/CREATE LACRIMAL PUNCTA