Lagos Flashcards
(44 cards)
Which region of Africa is Lagos in
South-West coast of Africa
How many people are in Lagos
17 million
birth rate in Lagos compared to Nigeria
Lagos has double Nigeria’s birth rate
what percent of Nigeria’s GDP does Lagos contribute to
30%
How has urban growth created opportunities (5)
-Access to healthcare
-Access to education
-Improved transport
-Access to energy
-Water supply
Access to healthcare in Lagos
more than the rest of the country - in Nigeria health care facilities are often poor/hard to access, where many get stuck in hospitals as they cannot afford their bills
Access to education in Lagos
Pull factor to Lagos
Over 10 universities in Lagos state
Education is seen as a passport out of poverty as people can get into work
Improved transport in Lagos
In Jan 2023 it opened the Lagos Blue Rail Line, which is expected to transport 250,000 passengers daily to overcome congestion
Access to energy in Lagos
People in Lagos have better access to electricity than rural areas
Short supply and can cut out, however much better than other areas
2 new power stations planned to reduce shortage of electricity
Wealthiest households have back up generators
Water supply in Lagos
Unreliable
Wealthiest homes have a piped water system
However others use public taps and boreholes or street vendors
Walk miles in rural areas
Working sectors in rural areas vs Lagos
Better employment opportunities with higher pay in Lagos, that aren’t largely in the primary sector like in rural areas
Informal economy/sector
Does not pay tax but allows people to earn more money than previously
e.g. Olusosun Rubbish dump
characteristics of Olusosun Rubbish dump
Huge landfill site
Around 5000 people work there
Shops, restaurants, bars, cinemas and a mosque at the dump
Workers even live in the dump, building homes out of discarded materials
Advantages of Olusosun Rubbish dump
Rubbish can be turned into energy by harnessing methane gas emitted from rotten waste
People in Lagos cans save money by buying recycled goods
Each day, workers sort 3000 tonnes of waste by hand, picking out valuable items to sell
More people can work locally
Cost little to set up + simple tools
Unlikely to pay tax
Disadvantages of Olusosun Rubbish dump
Dangerous for workers - cuts and breathe in fumes which can cause ill health
Toxic fumes released
Natural gases build up under decomposing waste, causing fires
How can the Lekki Free Trade Zone lead to economic development
Encourages TNC’s to base their offices here
Creates new jobs for any level skill worker
People in local community have more money to spend on services/ education/ healthcare
Increases the skilled workforce and increases demand for new services resulting in more jobs
inequality
differences between poverty and wealth, as well as people’s wellbeing and access to housing, jobs and education
social challenges of urban growth in lagos
Traffic congestion (can take up to 2 hours to get into the city in rush hours)
Communal toilets shared by up to 15 households
High levels of crime
60% live in slums like Makoko
Lack of sanitation
Houses in slums are made of flimsy materials
economic challenges of urban growth in lagos
Traffic congestion (can take up to 2 hours to get into the city in rush hours)
High unemployment in Lagos state due to the influx of people
Slum housing is found on illegally occupied land
Electricity supply in poorest areas comes from illegal connections that often cut out
environmental challenges of urban growth in lagos
Only 40% of rubbish is officially collected
There is no system to deal with waste from factories
Factory emissions are not controlled leading to air and water pollution
Large rubbish dumps contain illegal and toxic waste
Squatter settlement
an illegal settlement built on the edge of cities (or undesirable land), built with scrap materials
Makoko characteristics
Life expectancy is less than 40
Poor sanitation, disease
No clean water
Poor, overcrowded
2000 homes destroyed by people with chainsaws
Fishing community
No government services
Makoko opportunities
Aim for the area to use 20% renewables by 2030
Close knit community with its own leadership and structure
Economic development
Makoko challenges
- poor sanitation - disease and poor health
- lack of access to clean water - disease and poor health
- lack of legal rights - crime
- poor health - lower life expectancy
- unemployment and poor quality work - people not earning enough money to move, overcrowding
- poor infrastructure - unsafe
