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3. Equine 2 > lameness > Flashcards

lameness Flashcards

1
Q

what structures does the impar ligament connect to?

A

navicular bone, P3

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2
Q

Lameness exam includes what components

A
  • history and distance evaluation
  • physical exam including palpation
  • observe in motion > in hand, on longe line, and/or under tack
  • manipulative tests > flexion tests, valgus/varus stress, wedge, etc.
  • diagnostic analgesia > perineural, intrasynovial, regional infiltration
  • diagnostic imaging
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3
Q

quarter horses breed lameness dispositions:

A

Foot, pastern, tendon & hock disease

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4
Q

Warmblood breed lameness dispositions

A

Foot, fetlock, tendon & hock disease

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5
Q

thoroughbred breed lameness predispositions

A

Fetlock & carpus stress fx, tendon issues

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6
Q

predisposing causes of lameness aside from breed

A
  • Poor shoeing (increases forces on certain areas)
  • Hard, uneven, slippery or deep footing
  • Repetitive stress: > Landing from jump, Sharp turns
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7
Q

visual / distance exam - what are we looking for?

A

1) Fetlock angles - same vs different?
2) Hoof angles same vs different?
3) hoof wall deformation?
4) hoof sizes?
<><><><>
- Assess balance/symmetry, posture, & limb angles & lengths
<><><><>
Conformation

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8
Q

Broken back hoof pastern axis is an issue because…

A

focuses abnormal forces on joint surfaces

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9
Q

what is ‘bog spavin’?

A

Bog spavin is a swelling of the tibiotarsal joint of the horse’s hock
> excess synovial fluid or tissue, indicates underlying pathology

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10
Q

Patterns of Atrophy are often highly diagnostic
- shoulder muscle atrophy hints at what?

A
  • In young horses from chronic joint pain (Osteochondrosis).
  • In any age from traumatic Suprascapular N. controlling the supra- and infraspinatus M.)
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11
Q

we want to palpate which structures on the foot?
- which are weight bearing vs non-weight bearing?

A

Weight-bearing:
* Coronary band
* hoof wall - warmth, parallel horn tubular arrangement, defects
* Digital pulses
* Heel bulbs > symmetry
* DDFT & sheath
* Collateral cartilages
<><><>
Non-weight-bearing:
* Sole
* Frog
* White line

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12
Q

where should i not use the hoof tester?

A

Do not place on coronary band- will get pain response

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13
Q

how to palpate a horse limb? what are we looking for?

A

palpate the limb all the way from the feet to the shoulder/rump (do same order every time so nothing is forgotten)
- direct heat, swelling, pain, crepitus
- filling (distension) of joints or tendon sheaths
- scars, open spots, bone proliferation (press on it - pain?)

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14
Q

what structures aside from the leg should we palpate in a lameness exam?

A
  • Palpate neck and back/epaxials - for pain
  • Press on the sacroiliac region horse-if painful should repsond (esp if history cant hold canter leads, rider?)
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15
Q

how to visualize horse in motion - what should we look at?

A
  • Straight line > Hard ground, Soft ground
  • Tight circles
  • Longing
    <><><><>
    Pelvic hike, pelvic drop
  • look at tuber coaxe- look for changes in height
  • See side of lameness- larger changes in height
  • When sound side WB- pelvis drops on the lame side
  • When the lame leg is WB- plevic rises
  • There will be greater drop/rise on lame side
    <><>
    Forelimb lame
  • HEAD NOD
  • NWB head up, lame down
  • Sound limb WB- head down
  • Lame limb WB- head up
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16
Q

what flexion tests should we do?

A
  • Distal limb flexion
  • Upper limb flexion > Carpal flexion, Hock stifle flexion
17
Q

forelimb nerves that we can block

A
  • Ulnar (lateral) & median (medial) nerves
  • Medial & lateral palmar nerves
  • Medial & lateral palmar metacarpal nerves
  • Medial & lateral digital nerves
18
Q

forelimb nerves blocks from most distal to most proximal?

A
  • palmar digital
    > Desensitized caudal Half foot and sole
    > You affect bursa, must go in each and check for nail in strucutres
    <><><><>
  • abaxial sesamoid
    > use in emergency work, 60% lameness from the foot
    > blocks whole foot
    <><><><>
  • low 4-point nerve block
    > Above button split bone
    > palmar MC N, Palmar N
    <><><>
  • 4-Point High-Palmar nerve block
19
Q

hindlimb plantar nerves we can block
and dorsal

A

Plantar:
* Tibial nerve
* Lateral & medial plantar nerves
* Lateral & medial plantar metatarsal nerves
* Lat & med digital nerves
<><><><>
Dorsal:
* Deep peroneal branch
* Lateral and medial dorsal metatarsal nerves

20
Q

radiographs for limb lameness - how many views

A

Take 4 views minimum in horse

21
Q

imaging modalities we can use for lamenes in horse

A
  • radiographs
  • ultrasound
  • Nuclear Scintigraphy
  • MRI
22
Q

Nuclear Scintigraphy can tell us what?

A
  • Bone turnover, inflammation ,stress fracture, sensitive
  • Downside- 2 places in ontario and shortage isotope

3. Equine 2 (16 decks)

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