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LAMPREY Flashcards

(95 cards)

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1
Q

A vertebrate has a ______________, ________________, and ______________________.

A

cranium (brain case), vertebral coolumn, and a well-defined head

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2
Q

Jawless fishes belong to Class

A

CLASS AGNATHA

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3
Q

Round-mouthed fishes

A

SUBCLASS CYCLOSTOMATA

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4
Q

Extinct subclass of jawless fish-like creatures

A

OSTRACODERMS

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5
Q

All eight genera of Lampreys belong to what order?

A

ORDER PETROMYZONIFORMES

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6
Q

Marine lamprey

A

PETROMUZON marinus

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7
Q

primitive characteristics of lamprey

A

absence of jaws, true teeth, and paired appendages; presence of continuous notochord, segmental musculature, straight alimentary tract, poorly developed brain skeleton and reproductive system

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8
Q

specialized characteristics of lamprey

A

eel-like shape, a head without bony armor, and mode of feeding

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9
Q

what is the mode of feeding of lamprey?

A

attaches itself by the mouth cup to other fishes, rasps at it’s prey’s flesh with its horny tongue, and then sucks its blood

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10
Q

what are the modifications of the lamprey

A

digestive and respiratory systems

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11
Q

what do lamprey secretes for continuous utilizationb of the host’s blood?

A

Anticoagulant

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12
Q

Cylindrical in shape; extends posteriorly as far as the last external gill slit

A

HEAD

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13
Q

Cylindrical but becoming laterally compressed near the tail region and extending from the end of the head to the cloacal aperture

A

TRUNK

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14
Q

extends posteriorly from the cloacal aperture

A

TAIL

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15
Q

Three median fins

A

anterior dorsal fin, posterior dorsal fin and the caudal fin

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16
Q

supported by an internal ring of cartilage, this hood-shaped structure is a sucking disk that attaches securely to the host

A

Buccal Funnel

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17
Q

The opening of the buccal funnel is fringed with numerous finger-like structures called

A

Buccal papillae

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18
Q

single median middorsal opening located at the top of the head; olfactory apparatus

A

Nostril

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19
Q

lies just beneath the surface of the skin, and its position is demarcated by the small oval area located just posterior to the nostril; detects changes in light and initiates diurnal color changes in larva

A

Pineal organ

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20
Q

Lidless functional organs for sight

A

Eyes

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21
Q

groups of pores that detect vibrations and movements in water; sensitive to changes in the current and turbulence if the water around the animal

A

Lateral line system

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22
Q

seven oval apertures behind the eyes

A

External Gill slits

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23
Q

muscle segments that can be seen through the skin of the trunk and tail

A

Myomeres

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24
Q

opening of the shallow put on the underside of the body

A

Cloacal aperture

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25
through which the excretory and genital products are emitted
urogenital papilla
26
slit-like opening of the intestine
anus
27
consists of bundles of longitudinal muscle fibers that attach to connective tissue myosepta that separate the myomeres
Myomeres
28
lobulated structure above the anterior end of the notochord
Brain
29
the brain extends into the neural lateral canal as the slender flattened ______________ that lies beneath the upper myomeres
spinal cord
30
shaped like an inverted pyramid; lies above the brain
Pineal organ
31
external aperture leads into the narrow canal that opens into the expanded olfactory sac
Nostril
32
the nostril continues caudoventrally as the elongated _________________
nasopharyngeal pouch
33
median cartilage in front of the olfactory apparatus and brain
Cranial cartilage
34
main skeletal axis beneath the spinal cord
notochord
35
thin tube beneath the notochord
Dorsal aorta
36
lined with rows of horny teeth
Buccal funnel
37
can be seen in sections at both ends of the buccal funnel
annular cartilage
38
aperture at the back of the buccal funnel dorsal to tongue
mouth
39
chamber sloping caudoventrally from the mouth; it terminates by dividing into esophagus and branchial tube
pharynx
40
it is a long median structure that supports the floor of the pharynx
lingual cartilage
41
first part of the digestive tract; thick-walled tube that is DORSAL to the continuation of the pharynx; expands to form the intestine
esophagus
42
ventral continuation of the pharynx lies beneath esophagus
Branchial tube
43
curtain-like structure in the opening of the branchial tube
velum
44
also known as the respiratory tube because its gill slits lead into gill pouches
Branchial tube
45
blood vessel that extends from the ventricle cranially beneath the branchial tube
ventral aorta
46
median blood vessel that lies beneath the pharynx and extends caudally to open up into the sinus venosus of the heart
Inferior jugular vein
47
beneath the inferior jugular vein; extend laterally and upward within the body wall
branchial basket cartilages
48
central cavity surrounded by masses of pharyngeal muscles
pharynx
49
extend medially from the retina
ocular muscles
50
located on either side of the pharynx
eyes
51
embedded in the lingual muscles on the ventrolateral sides of the pharynx, which secretes an anticoagulant
pharyngeal glands
52
supports nasopharyngeal pouch
cranial cartilage
53
located on both sides of the chondrocranium
carotid arteries
54
dorsal most midline structure
spinal cord
55
spherical mass directly beneath the spinal cord
Notochord
56
vessels located on either side of the notochord
anterior cardinal veins
57
blood vessels that lies beneath the notochord
dorsal aorta
58
part of digestive tract is characterized by numerous folds of its inner lining that extend from its thick wall
esophagus
59
respiratory sacs or internal gills, lined with gill lamellae, that are located on either side of the pharynx
gill pouches
60
unpaired vessel located posterior to the fourth gill pouch ; anterior to the fourth gill pouch, it is paired
ventral aorta
61
prominent muscle mass beneath the ventral aorta
lingual muscle
62
lowermost midline structure
inferior jugular veins
63
located on either side of the dorsal aorta
posterior cardinal veins
64
located in the midventral part of the body cavity
Intestine
65
large unpaired median organ, located above the intestine
gonad
66
numerous leaf-like lobes
testis
67
mass of eggs
ovary
68
located on either side of the gonad
kidney
69
support the fin
fin rays
70
small blood vessel lying beneath the notochord
caudal artery
71
small lamprey larvae
Ammocoetes
72
TRUE OR FALSE: Adult lampreys migrate from the sea to freshwater as the spawning season approaches.
TRUE
73
Three to seven years their length is
6 inches
74
reorganization of adult structures, such as the pharynx which becomes divided longitudinally, and the formation of new structures, such as teeth and eyes
METAMORPHOSIS
75
The ammoecetes drive its feeding current by
muscular activity coordinated by cranial nerves
76
fin located along the upper surface of the body
dorsal fin
77
what constitutes the sense organs of the lamprey?
Nonfunctional eyes, median nostril, and oval auditory vesicles
78
cup-shaped membrane at the anterior end of the larva encloses a chamber, the buccal cavity
oral hood
79
finger-like projections attached to the sides of the oral hood that serve as straining and sensory devices at the entrance to the buccal cavity
oral papillae
80
a pair of muscular flaps, each attached to the roof and sides of the buccal cavity at the posterior end of the cavity; cause a stream of water to be directed backward into the pharynx
velar folds
81
In metamorphosis, the pharynx divides into a
dorsal digestive tube and ventral branchial tube
82
large, dark elongated mass, also called the endostyle; in the embryo, it secretes mucous
subpharyngeal gland
83
elongated portion under the digestive tract that extends from the end of the esophagus to the anus
intestine
84
organ located beneath the anterior part of the esophagus
Heart
85
located behind the heart; contains a large clear vesicle, the gall bladder
liver
86
TRUE OR FALSE: Muscle segments are more numerous in the dorsal section than they are in the ventral section.
TRUE
87
Large dorsal midline cavity containing the spinal cord
neural canal
88
project both medially and laterally into the pharynx
Gilamellae
89
ciliated middorsal ridge
hyperpharyngeal ridge
90
ciliated midventral ridge
hypopharyngeal ridge
91
lies beneath the ventral aorta
subpharyngeal gland
92
lie near the ventral body wall, one on each side of the midline
External jugular veins
93
located on either side of the dorsal aorta
posterior cardinal veins
94
paired structures located beneath the interior cardinal veins
kidneys
95
occupies most of the peritoneal canal
intestine

COMPARATIVE ANATOMY (2 decks)

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