Land Use Planning Flashcards
(37 cards)
What SDG goal is LUP related to?
Goal 11: Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
Challenges related to LUP?
- Where governance is weak, LUP is
- silo thinking impedes holistic solutions
- lack of coordination
- lack of incentives for sustainable decision
What are the 3 main of components Spatial Planning?
- Land Use Planning
- Physical Planning
- Env. Management
Who is involved in Spatial Planning
- National Gov’t
- State Gov’t
- Local Gov’t
- Project Facilitators
- Technical Experts
What are some of the Challenges to mainstreaming DRR & CCA?
- Limited knowledge of hazard and climate related statistics
- Changing and emerging risks are problematic to account for
- Existing land uses can be difficult to change (in this case, requires mitigation measures)
- Lack of integration of jurisdictional boundaries
- Realising local ownership and support
Factors that impact decision making and influence the way the risk assessment is used
- Regulatory “blind spots”
- Roles and mandates of different actors and the way they are framing the issue
- History of decision-making/path dependency/ ”precedents”
- Power relations
- Costs, accountability, politics
- The way boundaries are established potentially leads to side-effects on different scale levels (passenger safety vs societal safety)
3 common approaches to risk management in LUP
- Safety distances/buffer zones
- Deterministic risk assessment (worst credible case consequence based)
- Risk based (probabilistic assessment) either semi-quantitative or quantitative
LUP Framework/Risk Assessment Framework (6 steps)
- Establish Purpose & Context
- Identify Assets
- Hazard Assessment
- Vulnerability Assessment
- Risk Assessment
- Risk Reduction
What is Vulnerability?
Conditional concept on hazard being activated and exposing human values
“being prone to or susceptible to damage or injury”
determines the negative consequences that arise given a specific hazard
What 4 interrelated factors determine vulnerability
Economic
Physical
Social
Environmental
What is the purpose of a Vulnerability Assessment?
- Identify & prioritize valuable assets
- Identify & describe hazards (the characteristics)
- Assess vulnerability & capacity (assess valuable assets exposure)
What is Risk Governance
Making DRR/CCA a policy priority
• Generating political commitment
• Promoting DRR/CCA as a multi-sector responsibility
• Assigning accountability for disaster losses and impacts
• Regulating development and risk reduction through legislation
• Allocating necessary resources for DRR/CCA
• Implementing disaster reduction & adaptation
• Facilitating participation from civil society, and the private sector
• Gender equality
What is Governance
the exercise of economic, political and administrative authority to manage a country’s affairs at all levels
What are the characteristics of Good Governance (8)
- Accountable
- Transparent
- Responsive
- Equitable & inclusive
- Effective & Efficient
- Follows the rule of law
- Participatory
- Consensus Oriented
What are the 5 spheres of Mainstreaming
- Policy
- Organization
- Advocacy & knowledge
- Implementation
- Citizen
Challenges in Integrating DRR & CCA (Governance)
• Competing development priorities
• Insufficient resources/budget to operationalize existing policy
• Too much focus on technical skills vs. management & planning skills
• Over-reliance on technocratic/scientific approach
• Public administration aspects often ignored (matching mandates, roles and
structures)
• Context specific solutions that are adapted to local organizational/ administrative culture context and capacities
What are some Opportunities for Integrating DRR & CCA
- Disaster events
- Entrepreneurs of change – champions
- Political environment/ stability
- Demand for change (functioning democracy)
- Economic planning argument (more sustainable solutions than relief)
- Consolidated decentralization process
- Well-functioning UNDMTs & international community providing pressure points
- Technical inputs from experts
- Role of military/civil defense
What are the types of uncertainties in Decision making
- Variability
- Knowledge uncertainty
- Parameter
- Model
- Completeness
What are other types of uncertainties in LUP
- How will society develop in the future
- value dimension (different current groups and what about future generations)
What is deep uncertainity
“Deep uncertainty often involves decisions that are made over time in dynamic interaction with the system.”
Deep uncertainty is ” the condition in which analysts do
not know or the parties to a decision cannot agree
upon:
-(1) the appropriate models to describe interactions
among a system’s variables,
-(2) the probability distributions to represent
uncertainty about key parameters in the models,
and/or
-(3) how to value the desirability of alternative
outcomes”
What are some strategies to address uncertainity when choosing a scenario?
a) Single scenario based on best available knowledge – deterministic
b) Traditional uncertainty treatment – probability distribution of future possible outcomes
c) Multiple future scenarios without probabilities assigned – equally plausible scenarios
d) Multiple future scenarios without probabilities but with individual uncertainty treatment
Deep uncertainties should be treated with strategy 3 or 4, as probabilities will suffer in quality under deep uncertainties.
What is Robust Decision Making?
- to find decision alternatives that perform well/adequately under a range of future conditions, rather than optimally for a single best guess condition
- Robustness: Insensitivity of future conditions (e.g. climate conditions)
Approaches to decision making under uncertainity
- Do Nothing
- Delay
- Optimal policy approach (predict future & optimize for that future)
- Static robust policy approach (set of futures & policy works well across most)
- Adaptive Policy Approach (adapt policy as conditions change)
What are the steps of Decision Analysis
- Specify and weight objectives
- Create alternatives
- Evaluate the alternatives (score on objectives)
- Select the best alternative
- Traditionally, the alternative that maximize expected utility is chosen
