Landmark Supreme Court Cases Flashcards
(21 cards)
Court formed the basis for the exercise of judicial review in the United States
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
The Court determined that Congress did have the power to create the Bank
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
United States held that the power to regulate interstate commerce
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
Supreme Court vacated the conviction of Samuel Worcester and held that the Georgia criminal statute that prohibited non-Native Americans from being present on Native American lands without a license from the state was unconstitutional.
Worcester v. Georgia (1832)
Supreme Court ruled that Americans of African descent, whether free or slave, were not American citizens and could not sue in federal court. The Court also ruled that Congress lacked power to ban slavery in the U.S. territories
Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)
upheld the constitutionality of “separate, but equal facilities” based on race.
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Supreme Court decision concerning enforcement of the Espionage Act of 1917 during World War I.
Schenck v. United States (1919)
The Supreme Court case that invalidated as unconstitutional a provision of the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) that authorized the President to approve “codes of fair competition” for the poultry industry and other industries.
Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States (1935)
individual rights may be limited during wartime
Korematsu v. United States (1943)
overturned Plessy v. Ferguson, Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)
ruled it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools
Engel v. Vitale (1962)
criminal suspects have a right to counsel during police interrogations under the Sixth Amendment
Escobedo v. Illinois (1964)
the president cannot use executive privilege as an excuse to withhold evidence that is ‘demonstrably relevant in a criminal trial
United States v. Nixon (1974)
upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy.
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)
resolved the dispute surrounding the 2000 presidential election. Three days earlier, the Court had preliminarily halted a recount that was occurring.
Bush v. Gore (2000)
holding that the U.S. Congress could use the power granted to it by the Constitution’s Commerce Clause to force private businesses to abide by the Civil Rights Act of 1964. No discrimination in public facilities.
Heart of Atlanta v. United States (1964)
evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment, which protects against “unreasonable searches and seizures,” may not be used in state law criminal prosecutions in state courts, as wel
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution requires the states to provide defense attorneys to criminal defendants charged with serious offenses who cannot afford lawyers themselves.
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
creation of the miranda rights, defendant must be knowledgeable of these rights and understand them
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
freedom of press
NY Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964)
defined the constitutional rights of students in U.S. public schools.
Tinker v. Des Moines School District (1969)
