lang. dev.

Question 1

Why is family involvement in language use and education important?

Answer 1

It is crucial for supporting the child’s development and respecting family values.

Question 2

What should be avoided in relation to home language?

Answer 2

Subtly pushing English and discouraging home language use.

Question 3

List the cognitive benefits of bilingualism.

Answer 3

• Supports home language within the family
• Enhances phonological awareness
• Aids in theory of mind development

Question 4

What can happen if home language use is discouraged?

Answer 4

It can lead to weak or incomplete language development.

Question 5

What are the effects of language loss?

Answer 5

• Loss of cognitive benefits from bilingualism
• Reduced caregiver participation in language development
• Weakens family relationships

Question 6

What is the take-home message regarding home language?

Answer 6

Research the structure of the home language and how it differs from English.

Question 7

Can children with language disorders benefit from bilingualism?

Answer 7

Yes, strong language input in both languages supports better development.

Question 8

Define ‘Speech’ in the context of language.

Answer 8

Physical production of sounds.

Question 9

What is ‘Language’?

Answer 9

A structured system of symbols (spoken, written, or signed) used for communication.

Question 10

How is ‘Communication’ defined?

Answer 10

The broader exchange of information through verbal and nonverbal means.

Question 11

List the five domains of language.

Answer 11

• Phonology
• Morphology
• Syntax
• Semantics
• Pragmatics

Question 12

What is phonology?

Answer 12

The study of speech sounds.

Question 13

What are free morphemes?

Answer 13

Morphemes that can stand alone (e.g., ‘cat’).

Question 14

What are bound morphemes?

Answer 14

Morphemes that must attach to another word (e.g., ‘-s’ in ‘cats’).

Question 15

What are derivational morphemes?

Answer 15

Morphemes that change word meaning (e.g., ‘happy’ → ‘happiness’).

Question 16

What are inflectional morphemes?

Answer 16

Morphemes that modify tense or number without changing meaning (e.g., ‘walk’ → ‘walked’).

Question 17

What is syntax?

Answer 17

Sentence structure and grammar rules.

Question 18

What is semantics?

Answer 18

The meaning of words and sentences.

Question 19

What is pragmatics?

Answer 19

The social use of language (e.g., adjusting speech for different audiences).

Question 20

What are pragmatic skills in toddlers?

Answer 20

• Greeting
• Requesting
• Protesting

Question 21

Define receptive language.

Answer 21

Understanding language input.

Question 22

Define expressive language.

Answer 22

Producing and using language.

Question 23

What is a register in language?

Answer 23

Adjusting language style for different contexts.

Question 24

What is genderlect?

Answer 24

Language variations based on gender norms.

Question 25

What is linguistic knowledge?

Answer 25

Implicit understanding of language rules.

Question 26

What is metalinguistic knowledge?

Answer 26

Awareness of how language works (e.g., recognizing grammatical errors).

Question 27

Who proposed the Nativist Theory of language development?

Answer 27

Chomsky.

Question 28

What does the Behaviorism theory state about language development?

Answer 28

Language develops through reinforcement and imitation.

Question 29

Who is associated with the Sociocultural Theory of language development?

Answer 29

Vygotsky.

Question 30

What is the focus of Cognitive Developmental Theory?

Answer 30

Language acquisition is tied to cognitive growth.

Question 31

What is Interactive Emergentism?

Answer 31

Language develops through innate abilities and the environment.

Question 32

What is the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis?

Answer 32

Language influences thought and worldview.

Question 33

What is the Verbal-Deficit Perspective?

Answer 33

The incorrect belief that non-standard dialects are 'deficient.'

Question 34

What does the Socialization Mismatch Hypothesis suggest?

Answer 34

Differences between home and school socialization impact learning.

Question 35

Differentiate between BICS and CALP.

Answer 35

* BICS: Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (1-2 years) * CALP: Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (5-7 years)

Question 36

What is African American English (AAE)?

Answer 36

A rule-governed dialect.

Question 37

What is a pidgin?

Answer 37

A simplified mix of languages.

Question 38

What is a creole?

Answer 38

A full, developed language evolved from a pidgin.

Question 39

What is prelinguistic communication?

Answer 39

Communication before words (gestures, vocalizations, joint attention).

Question 40

List the functions of infant communication.

Answer 40

* Requesting * Protesting * Social interaction

Question 41

What is joint attention?

Answer 41

Infant and caregiver focus on the same object/event.

Question 42

What are examples of gestures in communication?

Answer 42

* Pointing * Showing * Giving * Waving

Question 43

What challenges do children with autism face?

Answer 43

Difficulty with joint attention and social communication.

Question 44

What characterizes Child-Directed Speech (CDS)?

Answer 44

* Higher pitch * Exaggerated intonation * Simple sentences * Repetition * Slower speech

Question 45

What is the difference between expansion and extension in language development?

Answer 45

* Expansion: Repeating and correcting grammar * Extension: Adding new information to expand meaning

Question 46

What are scaffolding strategies?

Answer 46

Varying levels of assistance to match a child’s needs.

Question 47

What does parental talk predict?

Answer 47

The child's overall language growth.

Question 48

What does vocabulary diversity predict?

Answer 48

The child's ability to use a broad vocabulary.

Question 49

What is incidental learning?

Answer 49

Learning that occurs through exposure rather than direct teaching.

Question 50

What are communication loops?

Answer 50

Back-and-forth interactions.

Question 51

What is verbal mapping?

Answer 51

Labeling objects/actions for meaning.

Question 52

What is mediation in language development?

Answer 52

Providing explanations to aid understanding.

Question 53

What are symbolic gestures?

Answer 53

Gestures that enhance early communication skills.