Language

Question 1

Mental Representations

Answer 1

can’t be seen unless shared
ie. images, ideas, beliefs, emotions, principles

Question 2

Language (Define)

Answer 2

flexible system that allows mental representations to be symbolized

Question 3

Thought

Answer 3

internal dialogue

Question 4

Evolution of language –> Greater Social complextiy (Provide example)

Answer 4

early humans: cooperate to hunt
now: co-operate for economy
-both can happen b/c of communication skill

Question 5

Children are primed to acquire language (T/F)

Answer 5

T

Question 6

Nicaraguan Sign Language (Explain)

Answer 6

-developed by deaf children
-linguists can now study the ‘birth’ of a language

Question 7

Interpersonal Communication (define)

Answer 7

speaker/responder relationship

Question 8

Adjacency Pair

Answer 8

a speaker and a responder

Question 9

Common Ground

Answer 9

info shared in a convo

Question 10

Audience Design

Answer 10

how we use Common Ground to determine how much detail is needed

Question 11

Situation models

Answer 11

mental representation of an object or situation

Question 12

Priming

Answer 12

When you think about 1 concept and related concepts are remembered

Question 13

How do Common Ground, Shared Models and Priming all relate in convo?

Answer 13

during convos, we coordinate Common Ground and Shared Models that Prime similar concepts

Question 14

Estimated % of language used for gossip

Answer 14

70%

Question 15

What is the equilivant of primate grooming for humans?

Answer 15

gossip

Question 16

In-group

Answer 16

the group in which you belong

Question 17

Out-group

Answer 17

others

Question 18

Linguistic Intergroup Bias (Explain)

Answer 18

abstract language = stereotyping
Concrete language = uncharacteristic behaviours

Question 19

What are In-group and Out-group reactions to violence

Answer 19

Ingroup = concrete
Outgroup = abstract

Question 20

What are In-group and Out-group reactions to helping

Answer 20

Ingroup = abstract
Out group = concrete

Question 21

Social Brain Hypothesis

Answer 21

-brain evolves to maintain our social groups
-humans can support groups of ~150 (hunter/gatherer sized)

Question 22

What do linguists believe about language and cognition

Answer 22

they believe language shapes cognition

Question 23

What is Whorf Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis

Answer 23

the idea that different languages = different constraints on thought b/c we can only think in ways our language allows

Question 24

Broca’s aphasia (brain location and problem)

Answer 24

-frontal lobe of the left hemisphere
-speech production

Question 25

Wernicke's aphasia (brain location and problem)

Answer 25

-temporal lobe -comprehension

Question 26

Theory of Mind (define)

Answer 26

ability to understand ppl have their own thoughts

Question 27

How many stages if the Pyramid of ToM

Answer 27

5

Question 28

ToM Pyramid only reflects development (T/F)

Answer 28

F -also reflects evolution

Question 29

What organism relates with what stage on the ToM Pyramid

Answer 29

1 = Monkeys 2 = Chimpanzees 3-5 = Humans

Question 30

False-Belief Task (Explain using example)

Answer 30

1) Child sees someone place crayons in a candy box 2) new person enters (Ryle) -ask the child 'what will Ryle say is in the condy box?' Candy = ToM Crayons = no ToM

Question 31

What type of play allows children to develop ToM?

Answer 31

play-pretend; allows children to take on roles