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Praxis > Language and Linguistics (#4) > Flashcards

Language and Linguistics (#4) Flashcards

1
Q

Study of sounds of language and their physical properties

A

Phonetics

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2
Q

Analysis of how sounds function in a language or dialect

A

Phonology

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3
Q

Study of the structure of words

A

Morphology

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4
Q

Study of the meaning in language

A

Semantics

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5
Q

Study of the structure of sentences

A

Syntax

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6
Q

Role of context in interpreting meaning

A

Pragmatics

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7
Q

Variation of a language used by people who live in a particular geographical area

A

Dialect

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8
Q

Dialects supported by institutions, such as governments and schools

A

Standard dialects

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9
Q

Study of the history and origin of words

A

Etymology

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10
Q

Sentence that makes a statement and tells about a person place, thing, or idea

A

Declarative

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11
Q

Sentence that asks a question

A

Interrogative

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12
Q

Sentence that issues a command

A

Imperative

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13
Q

Sentence that communicates strong feelings or ideas

A

Exclamatory

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14
Q

Sentence that expresses wishes or conditions contrary to fact

A

Conditional

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15
Q

Sentence that has a single subject or compound subject and a single predicate or compound predicate; has one independent clause & no independent clauses

A

Simple sentence

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16
Q

Sentence made up of two independent clauses, joined by a semicolon or a common and a coordinating conjunction

A

Compound sentence

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17
Q

Sentence that has one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses

A

Complex sentence

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18
Q

Sentence that has two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses

A

Compound-complex sentence

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19
Q

ID sentence type: “My dog growls.”

A

Simple (single subject, single predicate)

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20
Q

ID sentence type: “My dog and my cat growl.”

A

Simple (compound subject, single predicate)

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21
Q

ID sentence type: “My dog and my cat growl and appear agitated.”

A

Simple (compound subject, compound predicate)

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22
Q

ID sentence type: “I must have vicious pets from the pound in my town.”

A

Simple (independent clause with two phrases)

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23
Q

ID sentence type: “My dog growls, but my cat growls at her littermate.”

A

Compound

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24
Q

ID sentence type: “When you pass the test, you’ll enjoy a career.”

A

Complex

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25
Q

ID sentence type: I just earned my degree, and I plan to get a teaching job because I need a career.”

A

Compound-complex

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26
Q

ID problem: “After the exam, I will go shopping, celebrating, and eat dinner.”

A

Unparallel construction (“After the exam, I will go shopping, celebrating, and dining.”)

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27
Q

ID problem: “Tory, Kelly, and I watched a movie, but she didn’t like it.”

A

Pronoun referent (“Tory, Kelly, and I watched a movie, but Tory didn’t like it.”

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28
Q

Word or phrase that modifies a word not clearly stated in the sentence.

A

Dangling modifier

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29
Q

ID problem: “Surrounding by vegetables, Aunt Linda served the Thanksgiving turkey.”

A

Dangling modifier (“Aunt Linda served the Thanksgiving turkey, which was surrounded by vegetables.”)

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30
Q

Grammatical subject of the verb is the recipient of the action denoted by the verb.

A

Passive voice

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31
Q

The adverb is between the two parts of the infinitive form of a verb

A

Split infinitive

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32
Q

ID problem: “to meekly say”

A

Split infinitive

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33
Q

Type of noun that do not name specific people, places, or things; not capitalized

A

Common noun

34
Q

Noun that names particular place, person, or thing; capitalized

A

Proper noun

35
Q

Noun that names a thing that is tangible

A

Concrete noun

36
Q

Noun that names an idea, condition, or feeling

A

Abstract noun

37
Q

Noun that names a group or unit

A

Collective noun

38
Q

Case of a noun: the subject of a clause or the predicate noun when it follows the verb “be”

A

Nominative case noun

39
Q

Case of a noun: shows possession or ownership

A

Possessive case noun

40
Q

Case of a noun: a direct object, indirect object, or the object of a preposition

A

Objective case noun

41
Q

Verb that takes direct objects

A

Transitive verb

42
Q

Verb that takes no objects or complements

A

Intransitive verb

43
Q

Verb that connects the subject and the subject complement (adjective, noun, or noun equivalent)

A

Linking/Connecting verb

44
Q

Verb that comes before another verb

A

Auxiliary/Helping verb

45
Q

ID the verb type: “The secondary English student learns the methods of the teacher.”

A

Transitive

46
Q

ID the verb type: “An airplane flew overhead”

A

Intransitive

47
Q

ID the verb type: It was rainy.”

A

Linking/connecting

48
Q

ID the verb type: “She {must have} passed the exam.”

A

Auxiliary/helping

49
Q

Tense that describes situations that exist at the present moment

A

Present tense

50
Q

Tense that describes what happened in the past

A

Past tense

51
Q

Tense that expresses action that will take place in the future

A

Future

52
Q

Tense that is used when action began in the past but continues into the present

A

Present perfect

53
Q

Tense that is used to express action that began in the past and happened prior to another past action

A

Past perfect

54
Q

Tense that expresses action that will begin in the future and will be completed in the future

A

Future perfect

55
Q

ID verb tense: “Celia and Tory attend the middle school.”

A

Present tense

56
Q

ID verb tense: “They attended elementary school.”

A

Past tense

57
Q

ID verb tense: “Next year, they will attend high school.”

A

Future tense

58
Q

ID verb tense: “She has attended a charter school for two years.”

A

Present perfect tense

59
Q

ID verb tense: “He had never seen such high test scores until she implemented the intervention.”

A

Past perfect tense

60
Q

ID verb tense: “By this time next year, they will have graduated.”

A

Future perfect tense

61
Q

Usually made up of “to” and the base form of a verb (ex: “to order”); can function as an adjective, adverb, or noun

A

Infinitive phrase

62
Q

Verb form that usually ends in “-ing” or “-ed”; operate as adjectives but maintain some characteristics of verbs

A

Participle (ex: “barking dog”)

63
Q

Made up of a present participle (“-ing”) and always functions as a noun

A

Gerund phrase (ex: “gardening is an activity”)

64
Q

ID the pronoun: “you” or “they”

A

Simple

65
Q

ID the pronoun: “Itself” or “myself”

A

Compound

66
Q

ID the pronoun: “each other” or “one another”

A

Phrasal

67
Q

The noun to which a pronoun refers (must agree w/ each other)

A

Antecedent

68
Q

Pronoun class that take the place of nouns

A

Personal pronoun

69
Q

Pronoun class that relates adjective clauses to the nouns or pronouns they modify

A

Relative pronoun

70
Q

Pronoun class that refers to unnamed or unknown people or things

A

Indefinite pronoun

71
Q

Pronoun class that asks questions

A

Interrogative pronoun

72
Q

Pronoun class that points out people, places or things without naming them

A

Demonstrative pronoun

73
Q

ID the pronoun: “Coach changed his starting lineup.”

A

Personal (“his”

74
Q

ID the pronoun: “A player who plays with skill gets a place in the starting lineup.”

A

Relative (“who”)

75
Q

ID the pronoun: “Perhaps you know somebody who can slam-dunk.”

A

Indefinite (“somebody who”)

76
Q

ID the pronoun: “Who are you?”

A

Interrogative (“who”)

77
Q

ID the pronoun: “This should be an easy win.”

A

Demonstrative (“this”)

78
Q

Part of speech: describe or modify nouns or pronouns

A

Adjective

79
Q

Groups of related words that operate as a single part of speech (verb, verbal, prepositional, appositive, or absolute)

A

Phrases

80
Q

Groups of related words that have both a subject and a predicate

A

Clauses

Praxis (11 decks)

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