Language and Society

Question 1

Class

Answer 1

Socioeconomic status

Question 2

Working class

Answer 2

Upper-class

Question 3

Gender

Answer 3

Sex

Question 4

Language is affected by..

Answer 4

Convey messages…

Question 5

Research suggests that…

Answer 5

Being male or female influences our employment …

Question 6

Regional pronunciation..

Answer 6

Belonging to a particular geographical area or community..

Question 7

Socioeconomic status ..

Answer 7

Social background…

Question 8

Figure 1 demonstrates the distribution of…

Answer 8

English speakers total to only 10% of all native speakers..

Question 9

Estimates / accounts for 13%…

Answer 9

Sociolinguistics

Question 10

Regional language varieties..

Answer 10

Social groupings, networks …

Question 11

Socialist

Answer 11

Used by social networks, groupings

Question 12

Indiolect

Answer 12

Depends on the role you play in society (individual, unique way of using a language

Question 13

Geographical area

Answer 13

Region

Question 14

Dialect

Answer 14

Variety

Question 15

Network

Answer 15

Grouping

Question 16

Identity

Answer 16

Belonging

Question 17

Lexis

Answer 17

Vocabulary

Question 18

Affected

Answer 18

Influenced

Question 19

Arguably, basically, consequently..

Answer 19

Evidently, in other words, obviously, probably, some people say, that is to say, clearly, essentially

Question 20

Bring the discussion back to the main point, bring in another speaker, ask for clarification, paraphrase to check understanding…

Answer 20

Give specific examples to explain the point, link to a previous speaker..

Question 21

Accent

Answer 21

the distinct pronunciation patterns of a group of people

Question 22

Accommodation

Answer 22

where a speaker adapts to another speaker’s accent, dialect or sociolect

Question 23

Bias

Answer 23

a form of prejudice in favour of or against an idea, person or
group, expressed through language/images and so on.

Question 24

Bidialectalism

Answer 24

a speaker’s ability to use two dialects of the same language

Question 25

Codification

Answer 25

a process of standardizing a language

Question 26

Corpus

Answer 26

a collection of written texts

Question 27

Dialect

Answer 27

a non-standard variety of a language, including lexis and grammar, particular to a region

Question 28

Downward convergence

Answer 28

making your accent or lexis more inform

Question 29

Divergence

Answer 29

where a speaker actively distances himself/herself from another speaker by accentuating their own accent or dialect

Question 30

Estuary English

Answer 30

a dialect of English that is perceived to have spread outwards from London along the South East of England. It has features of Received Pronunciation and London English

Question 31

Feral children

Answer 31

children who are raised without human intervention (‘feral’ means existing in a natural/wild state, as opposed to domesticated).

Question 32

Gestural

Answer 32

a way of communicating that relates to movement and/or body language, either instead of words or (as would be likely in a multimodal media text) in addition to them

Question 33

Hospitality token

Answer 33

a polite utterance relating to context designed to put speakers at their ease

Question 34

Idiom

Answer 34

a form of common non-literal expression (e.g. ‘I was dead on my feet’)

Question 35

Illocutionary act

Answer 35

implying something in what we say

Question 36

Isogloss

Answer 36

the divisions that linguists draw between regions according to different dialects

Question 37

Language academies

Answer 37

bodies established by governments in countries such as France and Italy to prescribe the ‘correct’ form of the language

Question 38

Language acquisition device (LAD)

Answer 38

a term coined by Chomsky to denote the inherent capacity of humans for learning language

Question 39

Language acquisition support system (LASS)

Answer 39

the support provided by parents and other carers to the child’s language development

Question 40

Lexicon

Answer 40

the vocabulary of a language

Question 41

Lexis

Answer 41

words and their origins

Question 42

Loanword

Answer 42

an English word that has come into use having been ‘borrowed’ from another language

Question 43

Locutionary act

Answer 43

saying something

Question 44

Low-frequency lexis

Answer 44

words that appear more rarely, such as specialist terms from a field, e.g. medicine

Question 45

Mainstream dialect

Answer 45

the dialect that spans the whole English nation

Question 46

Manner

Answer 46

used to express how formal or informal a text is