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PRAXIS II: Language Arts > Language Arts > Flashcards

Language Arts Flashcards

(114 cards)

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1
Q

Fable

A

A story that uses animals or plants to provide a moral lesson. Animals given human characteristics

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2
Q

Fantasy

A

Involves an invented world, like Middle Earth in Lord of the Rings

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3
Q

Fairy Tales

A

Type of folk tale that contains elements of magic or magical beings, such as a fairy or dragon.

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4
Q

Folk Tales

A

Traditional story that can date back many centuries, passed down orally

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5
Q

Legend

A

Although based on historical event, story is ficitional, doesn’t contain magic

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6
Q

Mystery

A

Stories where the characters attempt to find information. Discovery at climax

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7
Q

Novel

A

Long fictional narrative

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8
Q

Round Character

A

3-Dimension, well developed, may contain contradictions. Growth through the story.

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9
Q

Flat Character

A

1-Dimension. Sterotypical, symbolic. Simple characters

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10
Q

Tone

A

Mood or attitude conveyed in the writing

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11
Q

Situational Irony

A

Incongruity between what is expected to happen and what actually occurs.

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12
Q

Point of View

A

The person who is telling the story

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13
Q

First Person Narrator

A

Tells the story from his or her own point of view using “ I “

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14
Q

Second Person Point of View

A

The writer uses the pronoun “you”, and the reader becomes a character in the story, thinking the thoughts and performing the actions of the main character.

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15
Q

Third Person Narrator

A

Uses he, she, and they. Knows everything about the characters and tells us what the characters think and feel.

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16
Q

Satire

A

Form of comedy in which the writer exposes and ridicules someone or something in order to inspire change.

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17
Q

Verbal Irony

A

Intended meaning is the opposite of the expressed meaning.

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18
Q

Diction

A

Specific language the writer uses to describe people, places, and things.

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19
Q

Main Idea

A

Why the writer thinks the story is important enough to tell

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20
Q

Lyrical Poem

A

Short, emotional poems that personal from a single speaker

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21
Q

Imaginistic Poem

A

Aims to capture a moment and help us experience that moment sensually (through our senses)

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22
Q

Arguementative Poem

A

Poem explores an idea (such as love or valor)

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23
Q

Elegy

A

Poem that laments the loss of someone or something.

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24
Q

Ode

A

Celebrates a person, place, thing, or event

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25
Exact Rhymes
Share the same last syllables (the last consonant and vowel combination) cat, hat; laugh, staff
26
Half Rhymes
Final consonant | cat, hot; adamant, government
27
Eye Rhymes
look like a rhyme | bough, through
28
Alliteration
Repetition of sounds
29
Assonance
The repetition of vowel sounds within a sentence or phrase to create an internal rhyme.
30
Emotive Poem
Aims to capture a mood or emotion to make readers feel that mood or emotion
31
Perspective
The narrators attitude throughout the story.
32
Myth
Includes a god or hero to explain a phenomenon
33
Adventure
Fiction provides a great deal of action (often violence)
34
Meter
Number of syllables in a line and how the stress falls on those syllables.
35
Iambic meter
Stress falls on every other syllable. dah-dum, dah-dum
36
Foot
Each drum beat (dah-dum)
37
Stanza
Poetic paragraph
38
Line Breaks and Stanzas
1. Call attention to the words at the end of each line | 2. Set aside each group of words as a distinct idea
39
Rhymed and Meter/Blank Verse
Lines must follow a rhyme scheme or metrical patter, or both.
40
Sonnet
14 lines, in iambic pentameter (5 feet per line)
41
Quatrains
Stanza of 4 lines
42
Couplet
Pair of rhyming lines
43
Shakespearian Sonnet
- 3 quatrains | - Ends with a couplet
44
Ballad
Poem that tells a story and is meant to be sung
45
Blank/Metered verse
Only meter, no rhyme | Set number of syllables Example, haiku
46
Limerick
5 line poem with rhyme scheme aabba
47
Haiku
5,7,3 syllables (unrhymed)
48
Free verse
No rhyme or meter requirements
49
Primary Source
Directly from the witness of event. | - Autobiographies, diaries, and personal letters
50
Newspapers
Cover who,what,when,where, and how in first paragraph
51
Contributing Cause
Factor that helps to make something happen but can't make it happen by itself
52
Sufficient Cause
An event by itself is strong enough to make the event happen
53
Problem and Solution
Presents an issue at the beginning of the text then attempts to resolve it throughout the text
54
Emerging Readers
Students encountering print in an early development stage
55
Alphabetic Principle
Letters represent the sounds of a language and can be used systematically
56
Direct Instruction
Straightforward method of passing information from a teacher to a student
57
Scaffolding
Teachers initially provide the reading assistance, and then gradually shift the responsibility of the learning to the students
58
Shared Reading
Involves students reading along while an expert reads fluently.
59
Shared Writing
Composition of a text created by the teacher and the students. The teacher generally writes the story while the students piece together the students' ideas.
60
Sight Words
Words that students should be able to recognize as soon as the student sees them in print.
61
Metacognition
Think about how the text affects them directly
62
Text innovation
Rewrite text so that the readability level is low enough for the struggling reader
63
Phonology
System of sounds in a language
64
Phoneme
Single sounds, 44 phonemes
65
Sound Segmentation
Students to separate the sounds in word by speaking each of the sound separately in the order in which they appear in the word
66
Syllable
Has at least one vowel sound
67
Syllabication
Splitting a word into syllabels
68
Independent Reader
Accuracy rate 95% to 100%
69
Instructional reader
Accuracy rate 90% to 95%
70
Frustrational reader
Accuracy below 90%
71
K-W-L Chart
Know Want to learn Learned from reading
72
Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review (SQ3R)
Survey the text by reading titles, subtitles, pictures, and skimming text Questions that students want answered about the text Read the text Recite the text by students writing summaries Review by remembering key phrases
73
Subject
Person, place, or thing in a sentence performing the action
74
Predicate
The action that is being done by the subject in the sentence
75
Complete predicate
"Watches the sunrise from her porch"
76
Simple predicate
The main verb, ex. "watches"
77
Singular and Plural Verbs
A verb takes on an s if the subject that is doing the event is singular. If the subject is plural, the verb does not have the s.
78
Personal Pronouns
Chase grabbed the microphone and gave it to me. | She ran the marathon in under 4 hours.
79
Possessive Pronouns
Jack read his book in a week. | Mine is the fastest computer in the class.
80
Prepositions
Words that express the relationship in time or space between words in a sentence. Ex. in, on, around, above, below, between
81
Dependent Clauses
Part of a sentence that has it's own subject and verb, but cannot stand by themselves as a sentence
82
Independent Clauses
Part of a sentence that has it's own subject and verb, but can stand by themselves as a sentence
83
Participial phrase
Short descriptive phrase at the beginning of a sentence. ex. Howling at the moon, Rover sat alone in his master's yard.
84
Prepositional Phrase
Short phrase that helps describe a verb or adjective within a sentence ex. The book with the yellow cover was written by my uncle.
85
Appositive Phrase
Short phrase that modifies a noun or pronoun using other nouns. ex. My brother's car, a beautiful green convertible, was damaged by the recent storm.
86
Subject Verb Agreement
Singular nouns take singular verbs | Plural nouns take plural verbs
87
Pronoun agreement
Singular nouns take singular pronouns | Plural nouns take plural pronouns
88
Whose
Belonging to whom
89
Who's
who is or who has
90
Who
refers to people
91
Incomplete Vebs
-ing verb without a helping verb (is, has, has been, was, had, had been)
92
Subjunctive Mood
Verb expresses something that is imagined, wished for, or contrary to fact. ex. If I were a millionaire
93
Participle
Word that is usually associated as a verb but is used as an adjective and modify a noun. ex. Crying baby
94
Infinite
to be to fall to live
95
Paragraph
A group of sentences about the same idea
96
Simple Sentence
One independent clause and no dependent clauses.
97
Compound Sentence
Combines multiple independent clauses in a sentence, but has no dependent clauses.
98
Complex Sentence
One independent clause and at least one dependent clause
99
Compound Complex Sentence
Combines multiple independent clauses in a sentence and at least one dependent clause
100
Declarative Sentence
Declares something, ends with a period
101
Imperative Sentence
Gives a command, ends with period or exclamation point
102
Orthography
Proper way to use a written system of language, including proper spelling.
103
Morphology
Structure of words and their parts, including morphemes
104
Morphemes
Smallest sound with meaning
105
Semantics
Specific meaning, or meanings, of a words in a written language.
106
Idiom
Word or group of words that cannot be interpreted literally
107
Style
the overall manner of writing, including sentence structure and the level of formality, which is managed through word choice.
108
Picture writing/drawing
Students express their thoughts via drawing and pictures (no words or letters)
109
Scribble Writing
Children begin to draw recognizable shapes and have verbal stories to go with them
110
Random Letter
Students begin to string letters together with their pictures. Words undecipherable
111
Invested Spelling
Use letters to match sounds. may only use the beginning letter to represent a word
112
Phonetic Stage
Write words with the correct beginning and ending sounds
113
Transitional Stage
Write words based on the way they sound | Stories they write are a few sentences long and may include punctuation.
114
Conventional Writing
Spell words correctly, using phonetics for longer words, using punctuation.

PRAXIS II: Language Arts (1 decks)

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