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CSET Multiple Subject -subset 1 (reading, language and literatute) > Language Arts > Flashcards

Language Arts Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Alphabetic principle

A

A symbol looks like the oral sound

Ex: English

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2
Q

Logographic

A

Symbols represent meaning

EX: Chinese language

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3
Q

Phonology

A

The rule system within a language by which the smallest unit of sound can change the meaning of a word and are sequenced, and uttered to represent the meanings

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4
Q

Morpheme

A

Any of the minimal grammatical units of a language, each constituting a word or meaningful part of the word, that cannot be divided into smaller independent parts

example: as the

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5
Q

Phoneme

A

Smallest unit of sound

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6
Q

Vowel

A

Invoiced speech sound made without stoppage or friction of the airflow as it passes through the vocal tract example: a or E

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7
Q

Phonemic Awareness

A

The ability to recognize that words in print are made up of individual sounds

knows the word is made up of letters and those letters represent sound that is phonic awareness

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8
Q

Phonics

A

The relationship between the letters and the sounds they represent

A form of reading instruction with help teach sound – symbol correspondence in order to help students sound out words

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9
Q

Morphology

A

Study of meaningful units of language called morphemes

Example: Un-believe-ably
Each piece has some meaning

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10
Q

Derivational morpheme

A

The prefix or suffix used to create one word from another

example: unbelievable and unbelievably

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11
Q

Root

A

The core of a word

Example: un(believe)able

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12
Q

Affix

A

A group of letters that are added to the beginning or the end of a root word that changes its meaning

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13
Q

Prefix

A

And affix that comes at the beginning of a word

Example: contra-, anti-, homo-

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14
Q

Suffix

A

A series of letters added to the end of a word

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15
Q

Suffix categories (2)

A

Inflectional: changes the understanding without changing its meaning example cookies, walked, biggest

derivational: changes the meaning of a word example – ask, – less, –-ish

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16
Q

Conjugating verbs

A

Changing a verb to show a different person, tents, number or mood

example: I am, I was, I will be, I am, she is, they are

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17
Q

Syntax

A

Study of the rules for the formation of grammatical sentences and the patterns by which the words are combined to form phrases

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18
Q

Preposition

A

Relationship between any two things (relationship)

Example: the puppy is IN the trash can

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19
Q

Indefinite article

A

A, an

Used to refer to something for the first time or for to a particular member of a group or class

Signal that a noun is going to follow

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20
Q

Adjective

A

Modifies a noun; descriptive

example: good, large, different

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21
Q

Pronoun

A

Takes the place of a noun

example: he, she, everybody

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22
Q

Infinite verb

A

Can be used as a noun, adjective, adverbs

almost always starts with “to “then followed by simple form of verb

example: to sleep, to look

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23
Q

Adverb

A

A word that modifies a verb, adjective or other adverb

Where, when, how, to what extent and action is performed

Example: he ran here. She ran fastest. He is an extremely nice fellow

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24
Q

Semantics

A

The meaning of a word, phrase, sentence or text

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25
Pragmatics
Situational context, verbal town, body language, knowledge and beliefs of the speaker, and the relationship between the speaker can contribute to how the meaning of a word, clause or sentences are interpreted
26
Telegraphic speech
Using the most essential phrases example: daddy play
27
Non-nativeiest
Theory: no specific biological process for hardwiring your brain, language is a large physiological and social function
28
Acquisition of subset languages
1) silent period: Practicing internal private speech 2) formulaic speech: employs memorized speech 3) experimental phase: learners begin to say impromptu phrases 4) fluency: right rate and pace, command of the language
29
4 main stages of literacy development
1) pre-alphabetic (emergent) 2) early alphabetic (beginning) 3) late alphabetic 4) orthographic (fluent)
30
Pre-alphabetic stage
First stage of literacy development (emergent) PreK-K Student reads left to right, top to bottom, learn basic visual cues or certain letters
31
Early alphabetic stage
2nd stage of literacy development (beginning) K-1 Students are starting to read letters and represent sounds, begin to learn phonemic awareness May spell Cat Kat
32
Late alphabetic stage
3rd stage of literacy development 1st grade Student able to include bowels and begin to recognize groups of letters that make up a single speech sound (phonograms) student use phonemic awareness to decode unknown words
33
Orthographic
Fourth stage of literacy development Student reading speed and accuracy increase Writing becomes more accurate
34
Grades 2 to 3 language and reading and writing development
Simple structure Able to write in chronological order Common genre = every day life situations or fantasy Introduce figurative language, different perspectives
35
Grade 6 to 8 reading
Multiple levels of meaning or themes - internal or Extertal character conflict - more complex meanings - different perspectives from their own
36
Indicators of fluency in reading
Fluency= accuracy, pacing, prosody Accuracy = correct pronunciation of words Pacing = reading text at the correct speed (speed of daily speech) Prosody = Reading with expression, phrasing, pitch, volume, punctuation and innotation
37
As reading abilities increase, so does...
Spelling skills, vocabulary, comprehension
38
Edomology
The study of the historic and cultural origins of words Can send clues about words (denotive/connotative meanings)
39
Denotative meaning
Specific and direct meaning (dictionary definition)
40
Connotative meaning
A secondary meaning associated with a word (emotions and other associations)
41
Basic assessment techniques
Aural: listening skills Oral: speaking skills
42
Sentence types (4)
Declarative: makes a statement Interrogative: questions something Imperative: tells someone to do something Exclamatory: says something with excitement
43
Usage (applies to language)
Application of the rules of morphology, syntax, semantics
44
Faulty parallelism
Clauses within a sentence do not share the same tense and form Example: I am going to the store and went to the sea
45
Affect vs. effect
Affect: usually a verb, to change or influence something Effect: usually a noun, something that happens due to a cause When you affect something, it produces an effect
46
Ascent vs. assent
Ascent: to go up Assent: to give permission
47
Proper noun
A noun that names of specific person, place or thing Spelled with a capital letter
48
Semi colon
; 1) separate two closely related clauses 2) separates list items that contain internal commas 3) used to produce a pause longer than a comma
49
Aristotle's three ways to persuade someone
1) ethos: credibility of the speaker 2) pathos: appeal to emotion 3) logos: appeal to logic
50
Subjective writing
Subjects that the writer's primary focus is to express personal experiences, feelings or ideas
51
Objective
Unbiased
52
Literary elements Concepts and conventions of texts
Themes, characters, plots and literary devices (story line)
53
Archetype
A symbol, image, plot pattern or character type that often occurs in literature Example: a hero on a dangerous quest
54
Paradox
A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd, but in reality expresses a possible truth
55
Monologue
Speech given by a single unit/ speaker A form of Drammatic entertainment
56
Soliloquy
A long speech in which a character talks to him/herself as if alone Often used to disclose a character's inner most feelings and thoughts
57
Analogy
Comparison between two things Metaphor: doesn't use like/as Simile: like or as to compare
58
Poetry meter
Rhythm or beat by the language being used
59
Alliteration
Repetition of word sounds to create an effect Example: around the rock the ragged rascal ran
60
Allegorical
And extension metaphor where parts of the story have meeting beyond the literal level
61
Noun
People, places, things The SUN shines. ANNA goes to SCHOOL
62
Pronoun
Replaces nouns Example: he, I, it's, me, she, who JOHN is hungry. HE wants to eat.
63
Verb
Show action or being The dog and cat ARE RUN ING
64
Adjectives
Describe nouns
65
Conjunctions
Connect words, phrases, clauses or sentences And, or, either, because, since, so, but, etc. I was tired SO I went to sleep
66
Interjections
Exclamations that expresses strong feelings No! Phew! Hi! Gosh!
67
Whole language approach to teaching English
Emphasizes sounding out words | Weakness to this approach is that not all words are spelled frenetically
68
Onset and rime
Parts of spoken language that are smaller than syllables but larger than phonemes
69
Onset
The initial consonant(s) sounds of a syllable Onset of bag is b-, swim is sw-
70
Rime
The part of a syllable that contains the vowel and all that follows it Rime of bag is -ag, swim is -im

CSET Multiple Subject -subset 1 (reading, language and literatute) (2 decks)

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