Language Change

Question 1

drivers of language change:

Answer 1

• technology
• society
• colonisation
• media
• politics
• education
• immigration
• culture

Question 2

prescriptivist ideas:

Answer 2

• conservative approach
• common sense
• generational divide
• nostalgia
• tradition
• culture

Question 3

John Honey

Answer 3

• high standards of English are falling
• youth losing SE features

Question 4

John Humphrey’s

Answer 4

text speech is destroying english

Question 5

Samuel Johnson

Answer 5

Prescriptivist attitudes towards the dictionary

Question 6

James Milroy

Answer 6

• Golden age of language

Question 7

Lyne Truss

Answer 7

zero tolerance towards punctuation

Question 8

Halliday

Answer 8

linguistic table manners

Question 9

David crystal

Answer 9

language change is a natural process to accommodate change
tidal metaphor

Question 10

Michael Rosen

Answer 10

speaks about grammar being problematic at a young age

Question 11

Stephen Fry

Answer 11

grammar is not necessary in the diversity and beauty of english language

Question 12

Stephen Pinker

Answer 12

language diversity and change are important for celebrating group identity and diversity

Question 13

Aitchison PIDC model

Answer 13

• Potential: for a new word
• Implementation: coined/defined then introduced
• Diffusion: widely used
• Codification: accepted and placed in the dictionary

Question 14

Aitchisons metaphors

Answer 14

criticised english being represented through metaphors
• lazy (damp spoon)
• infectious disease
• crumbling castle

Question 15

Functional theory

Answer 15

• meets the needs of the user

Question 16

Hocket: Random fluctuation

Answer 16

• change is random/unpredictable

Question 17

cultural transmission: Lockett

Answer 17

• innovation: creating new words/phrases
• diffusion: spreading from user to wider population

Question 18

lexical gap

Answer 18

seeing the likely path language may take in the future (alternative morphological forms and converting an existing word (text -> texting)

Question 19

wave model (bailey)

Answer 19

starts at the centre and gradually spreads outwards

Question 20

Robert Green: declinism and sticklerism

Answer 20

• declinism: belief that language is on large decline
• sticklerism: scolding others grammar, vocab and pronunciation

Question 21

CMC

Answer 21

computer mediated communication

Question 22

Language change discourses

Answer 22

• decline
• decay
• conflict
• infection
• invasion
• intelligence
• laziness
• morality