Language Change

Question 0

Conversion

Answer 0

Word that changes its word class without adding a suffix

Question 1

Affixiation

Answer 1

Addition of bound morphemes to and existing word

Question 2

Acronym

Answer 2

A word made up from the initial letter of a phrase (radar)

Question 3

Clipping

Answer 3

New word produced from shortening an existing word

Question 4

Blend

Answer 4

Fusing two words to make a new word

Question 5

Back formation

Answer 5

Removal of an imagined affix from an existing word

Question 6

Initialisim

Answer 6

Word made up from initial letter each being pronounced (cd)

Question 7

Compound

Answer 7

Combining separate words to make a new one

Question 8

Amelioration

Answer 8

Word that takes on a more positive meaning and gaining status

Question 9

Pejoration

Answer 9

Word that takes on a more negative meaning and losing status

Question 10

Weakening

Answer 10

Word loses strength of its original meaning

Question 11

Narrowing

Answer 11

Word becomes more specific in it meaning

Question 12

Broadening

Answer 12

Word keeps its original meaning but acquires others

Question 13

Martha’s Vineyard

Answer 13

Suggests we subconsciously change our language to identify ourselves with one group rather than another (Island people)

Question 14

Harvey and shalom (1997)

Answer 14

Problem area in language often identified by the fact that there are lots of variations of a concept, lacks a single form

Eg (sex- technical, euphemistic, dysphemistic)

LINKS TO CONTEXT (papers will use nice words)

ALSO NOTED THAT TABOO HAS A DIFFERENT FUNCTION IN ITS PRIVATE AND PUBLIC CONTEXTS

Question 15

Dwight Bollinger

Answer 15

Highlighted the increasing use of euphemisms in advertising
(Fun size - small/ crafted - manufactured)

Also saw this in the media where dysphemisms were avoided

Question 16

Martin Montgomery (1986)

Answer 16

Highlights the use of euphemisms in the military

Collateral damage
Pre emptive strike

Question 17

Justman (1995)

Answer 17

Language of the nazis made it easier for the rest of the world to ignore events

Final solution (extinction)

Question 18

Nancy mairs

Answer 18

Points out the dangers of euphemisms and political correctness, as we are going too far to avoid discrimination which leads to inaccuracy

Question 19

18th century

Answer 19

Big drive to prescribe all aspects of written language use but spelling had already gone through STANDARDISATION

Question 20

Printing press

Answer 20

Caxton - 1476

Question 21

Long s

Answer 21

Used until 1800

Deemed unnecessary

Question 22

Dictionary written in..

Answer 22

1755 Samuel Johnson

Question 23

Reasons for orthographical change

Answer 23

Phonological - as sounds of English changed, written word needs to change

Technological - printing press

Standardisation - during late modern English spelling was further standardised

Question 24

Changing punctuation

Answer 24

Punctuation has grammatical and rhetorical functions

Question 25

When did the / get replaced by the comma

Answer 25

16th century

Question 26

Capitalisation happened in

Answer 26

Late modern English (18th century)

Question 27

Before capitalisation

Answer 27

Early Modern English capital letter were used for every sentence, paper name, and every noun they considered important

Question 28

Standardisation

Answer 28

In 18th century