Language Development

Question 1

How do children communicate in their early days?

Answer 1

Crying, eye gaze

Question 2

What is prelinguistic communication?

Answer 2

Communication that happens before the first true word

Question 3

By what age do children use language like adults?

Answer 3

Age 8

Question 4

Language becomes more ____________ over time

Answer 4

Elaborative

Question 5

What is a developmental sequence?

Answer 5

The order of milestones that typically developing children hit

Question 6

List some things that parents interpret as communication during prelinguistic development?

Answer 6

Different cries for different needs
Facial expressions
Eye gaze patterns
Limb + mouth movements

Question 7

What are protoconversations?

Answer 7

When a caregiver and infant share mutual greeting behaviours like smiles. The caregiver speaks and pauses to wait for infant ‘response’, teaches basic conversation skills like turn taking

Question 8

What language development happens around 6 months?

Answer 8

Conversations extend to objects of interest, like toys

Question 9

What language development happens around 8 months?

Answer 9

The infant begins showing communicative intent, pointing, gesturing, and comprehension of words begins

Question 10

What language development happens around 12 months?

Answer 10

Joint attention can be used to locate objects outside of visual field, the first true word is produced

Question 11

What must happen for an utterance to count as a child’s first word?

Answer 11

Must show intent, be used in context, and at least sound similar to a real word

Question 12

What are the three stages of language development?

Answer 12

Perlocutionary, Illocutionary, and Locutionary

Question 13

What is language like during the perlocutionary phase?

Answer 13

This is the phase before the first word, where eye gaze and facial expressions are interpreted by a caregiver whose response reinforces the actions of the infant

Question 14

How long does the perlocutionary phase last?

Answer 14

Birth - 8 months

Question 15

What is language like during the illocutionary phase?

Answer 15

Communication becomes intentional. gestures and vocalizations are used to convey a message

Question 16

How long does the illocutionary phase last?

Answer 16

8 - 12 months

Question 17

What is language like during the locutionary phase?

Answer 17

The first meaningful word is said

Question 18

When does the locutionary stage begin?

Answer 18

Typically around 12 months, when the first word is said

Question 19

What are some red flags for language development?

Answer 19

Not connecting with others, not babbling

Question 20

How many stages of prelinguistic vocal development are there?

Answer 20

5

Question 21

Stage 1 of prelinguistic development: How long does it last and what are some characteristics of it?

Answer 21

Birth - 2 months
Reflexive vocalizations like grunting, sighing, coughing, and burping

Question 22

Stage 2 of prelinguistic development: How long does it last and what are some characteristics of it?

Answer 22

2 - 4 months
Cooing and laughing begins

Question 23

Stage 3 of prelinguistic development: How long does it last and what are some characteristics of it?

Answer 23

4 - 6 months
Begins producing vowel and consonant sounds, vocal play and marginal babbling begins. Stops and nasals are formed

Question 24

Stage 4 of prelinguistic development: How long does it last and what are some characteristics of it?

Answer 24

6 - 10 months
Canonical babbles begin (well-formed syllables)

Question 25

Stage 5 of prelinguistic development: How long does it last and what are some characteristics of it?

Answer 25

10 - 12 months Jargon begins, stops, nasals, and glides are produced

Question 26

What is marginal babbling?

Answer 26

Consonant-like sounds combined with vowel-like sounds to create approximate syllables

Question 27

What is jargon?

Answer 27

A series of variegated babbles overlaid with varieties of intonation and stress patterns

Question 28

What happens when a child has a single word vocabulary of ~50 words?

Answer 28

They begin paying more attention to the phonological rules of language and intelligibility improves

Question 29

What are the three broad categories of types of words that children use?

Answer 29

Substantive, relational, or social

Question 30

What are substantive words?

Answer 30

They name objects, like mama, juice, or ball

Question 31

What are relational words?

Answer 31

They describe relationships or characteristics, like that, no, bye-bye, more, big, mine

Question 32

What are social words?

Answer 32

They maintain relationships, like please, no, hello

Question 33

What are some pragmatic functions of language within the first year?

Answer 33

Recieve objects or assistance, control behaviors of others, demonstrate awareness of self and express feelings, make contact with others, have events or things explained, pretend or play act, or to communicate experiences

Question 34

Why is there no syntax or morphology within the first year?

Answer 34

Since they lack enough words to begin combining them, they are not able to have sentence structure or plurals

Question 35

What language developments happen around 18-24 months?

Answer 35

A spurt in vocabulary is seen, two-word utterances begin and they reflect semantic relation based on relationships between words

Question 36

What is considered the minimum number of words required to begin combining more than one word?

Answer 36

50 words

Question 37

How many words do children have on average by 24 months?

Answer 37

120-300 words

Question 38

How many consonants can children produce in intitial and final positions of words around 24 months?

Answer 38

9-10 in initial position 5-6 in final position

Question 39

By what age should all phonemes be produced correctly in spontaneous speech?

Answer 39

7-8 years

Question 40

By what age should children produce nasals, stops, and glides?

Answer 40

3 years

Question 41

By what age should all vowels be produced correctly?

Answer 41

3 years

Question 42

Which should children produce well first, vowels or consonants?

Answer 42

Vowels

Question 43

How do children simplify production of words?

Answer 43

Using phonological processes