Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

LING 240 > Language Files Ch 2 > Flashcards

Language Files Ch 2 Flashcards

(98 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

bilabial consonant

A

are made by bringing both lips closer together: [p], [b], [m], [w], [w̥]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

labiodental consonants

A

are made with the lower lip against the upper front teeth: [f], [v]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

interdental consonants

A

are made with the tip of the tongue protruding between the front teeth: [θ], [ð]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

alveolar consonants

A

are made with the tongue tip at or near the alveolar ridge: [t], [d], [s], [z], [n], [l], [ɹ]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

post-alveolar consonants

A

are made right at the front of the hard palate, just behind the alveolar ridge: [ʃ], [ʒ], [tʃ], [dʒ]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

palatal consonants

A

are made with the tongue near the center of the hard portion of the roof of the mouth (the hard palate): [j]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

velar consonants

A

are produced at the soft part of the roof of the mouth behind the hard palate - the velum: [k], [g], [ŋ]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

glottal consonants

A

are produced at the larynx [h], [ʔ]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

voiced sounds

A

sounds made with the vocal folds vibrating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

voiceless sounds

A

sounds made without the vocal folds vibrating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

stop consonants

A

sounds made by obstructing the airstream completely in the oral cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

fricative consonants

A

sounds made by forming a nearly complete obstruction of the vocal tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

affricative consonants

A

sounds made by briefly stopping the airstream completely and then releasing the articulators slightly so that frication noise if produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

nasal consonants

A

sounds produced by lowering the velum and this opening the nasal passage to the vocal tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

liquid consonants

A

involve a substantial constriction of the vocal tract, but the constructions for liquids are not narrow enough to block the vocal tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

glide consonants

A

sounds made with only a slight closure of the articulators, so that the if the vocal tract were any more open, the result would be a vowel sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

[p]

A

voiceless, bilabial, and stop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

[b]

A

voiced, bilabial, and stop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

[t]

A

voiceless, alveolar, and stop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

[d]

A

voiced, alveolar, and stop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

[k]

A

voiceless, velar, and stop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

[g]

A

voiced, velar, and stop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

[ʔ]

A

voiceless, glottal, and stop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

[f]

A

voiceless, labio-dental, and fricative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
[v]
voiced, labio-dental, and fricative
26
[θ]
voiceless, inter-dental, and fricative
27
[ð]
voiced, inter-dental, and fricative
28
[s]
voiceless, alveolar, and fricative
29
[z]
voiced, alveolar, and fricative
30
[ʃ]
voiceless, post-alveolar, and fricative
31
[ʒ]
voiced, post-alveolar, and fricative
32
[h]
voiceless, glottal, and fricative
33
[tʃ]
voiceless, post-alveolar, and affricate
34
[dʒ]
voiced, post-alveolar, and affricate
35
[m]
voiced, bilabial, and nasal
36
[n]
voiced, alveolar, and nasal
37
[ŋ]
voiced, velar, and nasal
38
[l]
voiced, alveolar, and lateral liquid
39
[ɹ]
voiced, alveolar, and retroflex liquid
40
[w̥]
voiceless, bilabial, and gilde
41
[w]
voiced, bilabial, and glide
42
[j]
voiced, palatal, and glide
43
place of articulation
where in the vocal tract a constriction is made (where the vocal tract is made narrower)
44
manner of articulation
how the airstream is modified by the vocal tract to produce the sound
45
larynx (the voice box)
contains the vocal folds and the glottis
46
vocal tract
composed of the oral and nasal cavities
47
subglottal system
the part of the respiratory system located below the larynx
48
[i]
high, front, unrounded, and tense
49
[ɪ]
high, front, unrounded, and lax
50
[ɛ]
mid, front, unrounded, and lax
51
[æ]
low, front, unrounded, and lax
52
[ə]
mid, central, unrounded, and lax
53
[ʌ]
mid, central, unrounded, and lax
54
[ʊ]
high, back, rounded, and lax
55
[u]
high, back, rounded, and tense
56
[ɔ]
mid, back, rounded, and lax
57
[ɑ]
low, back, unrounded, and lax
58
ways to describe vowels
height, tongue advancement, lip rounding, and tenseness
59
ways to describe consonants
state of glottis, place of articulation, and manner of articulation
60
alveolar ridge
small ridge that produces just behind upper upper front teeth
61
sound spectograph
pictures of the sounds used by phoneticians to study acoustic phonetics
62
impressionistic phonetic transcription
the simplest and most basic method of phonetic analysis
63
phoneticians divide the speech stream into two main categories
segments and suprasegments
64
segments
the discrete units of the speech stream and can be further subdivided into the categories consonants and vowels
65
characteristics of the segments (individual sounds)
place and manner of articulation and voicing for consonants; tongue height and advancement, lip rounding, and tenseness for vowels
66
syllable
unit of speech that may contain only a single sound (monosyllabic), or several sounds
67
a syllable can be broken down into
an onset and a rhyme
68
onset
is formed when any consonants occur before the rhyme within the syllable
69
rhyme
consists of the vowel and any consonants that come after it
70
rhyme can be broken down into
the nucleus and the coda
71
nucleus
the vocalic part of rhyme
72
coda
consists of any final consonants
73
monophtongs
simple vowels composed of a single configuration of the vocal tract
74
diphthongs
complex vowels composed of a sequence of two different configurations
75
articulation
the motion or positioning of some part of the vocal tract with respect to some other part of the vocal tract in the production of a speech sounds
76
vocal fold
folds of muscle within the larynx
77
glottis
the opening between vocal folds
78
frication
a turbulent, hissing mouth noise
79
palatography
one of the most common methods when a picture is made that shows where the tongue touches the roof of the mouth during a particular articulation
80
static palatography
involves paining the tongue black with a mixture of olive oil and charcoal powder
81
dynamic palatography
allows the experimenter to record sequences of contacts that the tongue makes with the hard palate in the course of the production of an utterance. The places where contact is made are directly recorded into a computer.
82
low vowels
pronounced with the jaw quite open - lowering the tongue body away from the roof of the mouth: [æ], [ɑ]
83
high vowels
pronounced with the tongue body away close to the roof of the mouth: [i], [ɪ], [u], [ʊ]
84
rounded vowels
lips are rounded: [u], [ʊ], [ɔ]
85
mid vowels
produced with an intermediate tongue height: [ɛ], [ʌ], [ɔ], [ə]
86
back vowels
is made by raising the body of the tongue in the back of the mouthm toward the velum: [u], [ʊ], [ɔ], [ɑ]
87
front vowels
the body of the tongue is raised and pushed forward so it is just under the hard palate: [i], [ɪ], [ɛ], [æ]
88
unrounded vowels
lips are unrounded: [i], [ɪ], [ɛ], [æ], [ə], [ʌ]
89
central vowels
require neither advancement nor retraction of the tongue: [ə], [ʌ]
90
lax vowels
have less extreme positions of the tongue or the lips than vowels that are tense: [ɪ], [ɛ], [æ], [ə], [ʌ], [ʊ], [ɔ], [ɑ]
91
tense vowels
have more extreme positions of the tongue or the lips than vowels that are lax: [i], [u]
92
nasalized vowels
the velum is lowered and the nasal passage closes
93
intonation
the pattern of pitch movements across a stretch of speech such as a sentence
94
phonetics
the study of the physical properties of speech sounds
95
phonology
the study of the mental representation of speech sounds
96
articulatory phonetics
how sounds are produced in the vocal tract
97
acoustic phonetics
physical properties of sounds themselves
98
auditory phonetics
how listeners perceive sounds

LING 240 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions