Language (Grammar and Sentence Structure)

Question 1

Grammar

Answer 1

The structures and systems that make up a language.

Question 2

Prescriptivism (Grammar thought)

Answer 2

Encourage grammatically correct usage and adheres to strict language rules.

Question 3

Descriptivism (Grammar thought)

Answer 3

Believe language should be taught in a way that mirrors how it is used daily based on culture.

Question 4

Personal Pronoun

Answer 4

Act as the subject or the object.

The person doing the verb or The Who/what the verb I done too.

Question 5

Possessive Pronouns

Answer 5

Indicate possession.

Question 6

Reflexive/Intensive Pronouns

Answer 6

Intensify a noun or reflect back upon the noun. End with “self”

Question 7

Relative Pronouns

Answer 7

Begins dependent clauses. References person or thing when renaming it or giving additional information in the sentence.

That, which, whom, whose, who

Question 8

Interrogative Pronouns

Answer 8

Begin questions by asking for information about someone or something.

Question 9

Demonstrative Pronouns

Answer 9

Point out or draw attention. They can indicate proximity or distance.

Question 10

Indefinite Pronouns

Answer 10

Basic pronouns that replace a noun to avoid repetition.

Question 11

Indicative Verb

Answer 11

Verbs that state facts. Usually written as a phrase

Question 12

Subjunctive Verb

Answer 12

Make a wishful statement or speculates something.

Question 13

Conditional Verbs

Answer 13

Something has to happen in order for the other thing to happen. It’s a condition.

Question 14

Imperative Verbs

Answer 14

Give a command

Question 15

Verb Tenses

Answer 15

Indicates the time of the action. Past, present, future.

Question 16

Linking Verbs

Answer 16

Connects the subject to the subject complement.

Question 17

Subject Complement

Answer 17

Adjective, noun, or pronoun that renames or describes the verb.

Question 18

Helping Verbs

Answer 18

Verbs that extend another verb’s meaning.

Question 19

Transitive Verbs

Answer 19

Take an object. Lay, raise, set.

Question 20

Present Participle

Answer 20

When a verb ends in -ing and is used to show an action is continuing.

Question 21

Simple Past Tense

Answer 21

The action has already happened.

Question 22

Past Continuous Tense

Answer 22

We use this to refer to something in the past that has already happened, but as though it were still happening (usually in the context of another event).

Question 23

Past Perfect Tense

Answer 23

We usually use this to talk about events that have already been completed before a specified time or another event.

Question 24

Past Perfect Continuous

Answer 24

Verb form that refers to an action that was still happening until another event occurred.

Question 25

Subordinating Conjunctions

Answer 25

Join independent clauses.

Question 26

Correlative Conjunctions

Answer 26

Connecting words that come in pairs and both have to be used in the sentence.

Question 27

Prepositions

Answer 27

Show relationship in time or space. Detail location.

Question 28

Coordinating Conjunctions

Answer 28

Connect words, phrases, and clauses. For, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.

Question 29

Syntax

Answer 29

Study of how words are combined to create sentences.

Question 30

Phrase

Answer 30

A group of words that communicates a partial idea, but is missing a subject or predicate.

Question 31

Predicate

Answer 31

Contains a verb and says something about the subject.. it tells what the subject does.

Question 32

Prepositional Phrase

Answer 32

Begins with a preposition and explains relationship in time and space including when and where.

Question 33

Verb Phrase

Answer 33

Phrase made up of the main verb and helping verbs. "The chef WOULD HAVE CREATED another cake..."

Question 34

Noun Phrase

Answer 34

Phrase that includes a noun and its modifiers. | "THE BIG, RED BARN rests beside THE VACANT CHICKEN COOP."

Question 35

Appositive Phrases

Answer 35

Renames a word or a group of words that precedes them.

Question 36

Gerund Phrase

Answer 36

Begin with a verb that's acting like a noun.

Question 37

Participle Phrase

Answer 37

Phrase that acts like an adjective. It can be removed from the sentence and the sentence will still make sense.

Question 38

Infinitive Phrase

Answer 38

Begins with "to-VERB". Acts like noun, adjective, or adverb.

Question 39

Absolute Phrase

Answer 39

Noun + participle. Usually answers the question "under what conditions?"

Question 40

Clauses

Answer 40

Contain a subject and a verb. Independent or dependent clause.

Question 41

Dependent Clause

Answer 41

Can't stand alone. Also called subordinate clauses.

Question 42

Adverb Clause

Answer 42

Type of Dependent Clause. They modify independent clauses by answering adverb questions.

Question 43

Noun Clauses

Answer 43

Acts like a noun and takes the place of the subject, object of the preposition, or direct object.

Question 44

Adjective Clauses

Answer 44

Provide more information about the noun or pronoun in the sentence. They always follow it. Usually start with relative pronouns and adverbs.

Question 45

Simple Sentence

Answer 45

Basic sentence with one subject and one predicate (verb and says something about the subject.)

Question 46

Compound Sentence

Answer 46

Two or more simple sentences joined together with a conjunction.

Question 47

Complex Sentence

Answer 47

A simple sentence with a dependent clause added to it.

Question 48

Compound-Complex Sentences

Answer 48

A sentence with at least two independent clauses and one dependent clause.

Question 49

Present Progressive Tense

Answer 49

Indicates something that is happening now and uses the "to be" helping verb.

Question 50

Future Tense

Answer 50

Indicates something that will happen later. Subject + shall/will + verb.

Question 51

Present Perfect Tense

Answer 51

Indicates the action has been completed or that the action extends to the present. Present Tense + Past Participle of the verb.

Question 52

Past Progressive Tense

Answer 52

Indicates action that happened in the past but with an -ing ending verb. "To Be" verb in past tense + the present participle _-ing ending)

Question 53

Use of a semi-colon

Answer 53

Show relationship between two independent clauses. Usually uses a conjunctive adverb

Question 54

Use of a colon

Answer 54

Shows relationship between two clauses while highlighting the info in the second clause. Used with lists, definition, or clarifications.

Question 55

Usage Conventions

Answer 55

Govern word choice and order.

Question 56

Progressive Tense

Answer 56

Indicates continuing action or an action in progress

Question 57

Sentence Fragment

Answer 57

When a group of words does not have a subject and a verb. Doesn't express a complete thought.

Question 58

Comma Splice

Answer 58

When two independent clauses are connected by just a comma. (missing conjunction).

Question 59

Run on sentences

Answer 59

When two independent clauses are put together without punctuation.

Question 60

Affixes

Answer 60

Prefixes and suffixes of words.

Question 61

Denotation

Answer 61

A word's dictionary definition.

Question 62

Connotation

Answer 62

A word's implied meaning.

Question 63

Sociolinguistics

Answer 63

Study of language and it's relationship with culture and society.

Question 64

Pidgin

Answer 64

A grammatically simplified language that combines elements of multiple languages. Created out of necessity to communicate.

Question 65

Register (language)

Answer 65

Understanding the level of formalness needed, differences in setting, appropriate context, etc.

Question 66

Cognate

Answer 66

Words that have the same root word.

Question 67

Apposition

Answer 67

When two noun phrases are next to each other and one identifies the other in a different way. Rudolph the red-nosed reindeer."

Question 68

Euphony

Answer 68

Words that sound pleasant