Language in the media

Question 1

Affordance

Answer 1

is a choice or option offered by technology

Question 2

Constraint

Answer 2

is a limitation or restriction of the technology

Question 3

Rebus abbreviation (Crystal)

Answer 3

letters represent syllables (G2CY = good to see you)

Question 4

Logograms (Crystal)

Answer 4

use of numerals and symbols to represent words and phrases: &, @, 2

Question 5

Punctuation (Crystal)

Answer 5

Punctuation marks and letters adapted to express feelings: :), :(, :/

Question 6

initialisms and acronyms (Crystal)

Answer 6

Multi-word sentences and response sequences minimised to initialisms and acronyms: lmk (let me know), YOLO (you only live once)

Question 7

Consonant ommision (Crystal)

Answer 7

Consonants having a higher information value than vowels: vowel omission is common: pls, wt

Question 8

Homophonic representation (Crystal)

Answer 8

h8, m8, 2, u

Question 9

Variant orthography (Crystal)

Answer 9

spellings which are non-standard and phonetic: cuz

Question 10

Sacks, Schlegoff and Jefferson:
Paralinguistics and turn-taking

Answer 10

-Without paralinguistic features turn-taking is triggered through intonation, questions, hesitations, interruptions, overlapping and discourse markers

-Grices’ maxims are important for successful discourse as they facilitate sufficient, truthful information which is relevant and articulated

Question 11

Marshall McLuhan:
Typographic man

Answer 11

Print technology has created the era of ‘typographic man’ :

-Our identities and beliefs are shaped by the media we consume - and we can probably add digital media as well

Question 12

Moral Panic and Language

Answer 12

Press make something an issue even when it isn’t

Question 13

Deborah Cameron:
Verbal Hygiene

Answer 13

-People with conservative views use ‘grammar’ as a correlate for political and moral ideas (order, tradition, authority, hierarchy and rules)

-Panic about changing language is a panic about the changing order of society

Question 14

Synchronous

Answer 14

Synchronous is an immediate response

Question 15

Asynchronous

Answer 15

Asynchronous is a delay between the utterance and response

Question 16

Synthetic personalisation

Answer 16

Creates illusion of a relationship between the text and producer used in text and text user

Question 17

Halliday:
Ideational Metafunction

Answer 17

How we represent reality through language:
-Experiential: analysing grammar
-Logical: analysis by comparing clauses

Question 18

Clark’s Theory of Common ground

Answer 18

Language and communication as a collaborative experience

Question 19

Linear

Answer 19

The text is ‘in order’ - you start at the start of the text and go through in the discourse in its intended sequence

Question 20

Non-linear

Answer 20

You are intended to jump around the text (hyperlinks are indications for a non-linear text

Question 21

Mary Hamilton and David Barton

Answer 21

Informal register facilitates the mimicking of colloquial language

Question 22

Exophoric referencing

Answer 22

A reference within a text to something outside of the text

Question 23

Endophroic referencing

Answer 23

A reference within a text to something inside the text

Question 24

Symbolic codes (Barthes on Semiotics)

Answer 24

Symbolic codes: the use of an image to represent meaning (e.g heart meaning love)

Question 25

Semantic codes (Barthes on semiotics)

Answer 25

Semantic codes: audience understand there is an extra layer of meaning/hidden meanings

Question 26

Cultural codes (Barthes on semiotics)

Answer 26

Cultural/referential codes: Codes which use elements of a media text that have cultural reference and therefore appeal to people of a certain culture (e.g age, gender, race) - built on stereotypes but built on audiences age, gender, race

Question 27

David Crystal

Answer 27

David Crystal states that the internet is the largest corpus of English vocabulary that has ever existed