language is sound 2

Question 1

Sonorous, syllabic sounds made with the vocal tract more open than for consonants and glides.

Answer 1

vowels

Question 2

Syllables that are not completely unstressed but are not as loud as the primary stress, marked with a lowered vertical line [ˌ].

Answer 2

secondary stress

Question 3

Indicates the need for a longer pause between two thought groups in a sentence.

Answer 3

double bar juncture (//)

Question 4

The loudest syllable in a word, marked in IPA by a raised vertical line [ˈ].

Answer 4

primary stress

Question 5

How many pitch levels are there in English?

Answer 5

Four: extra-high, high, mid (normal), and low.

Question 6

Give an example of a simple vowel.

Answer 6

The vowels in the words pit, set, cat, dog, but, put, and the first vowel of suppose.

Question 7

Vowels that do not show a noticeable change in quality during their articulation.

Answer 7

simple vowels

Question 8

Indicates the need for a slight pause between two thought groups in a sentence.

Answer 8

single bar juncture (/)

Question 9

Movement from sound to sound with no intervening pauses or delays.

Answer 9

close juncture

Question 10

Inherent prosodic properties of phones, including pitch, loudness, and length.

Answer 10

suprasegmentals

Question 11

Movement that is not continuous, with a slight stoppage of the last sound before blending with the next.

Answer 11

open juncture

Question 12

What are tone and intonation?

Answer 12

Tone refers to differences in word meaning signaled by pitch; intonation refers to the tone or pitch of voice in speech.

Question 13

They often have schwa [ə] for their vowel, though [i] can also be unstressed.

Answer 13

unstressed syllables in English

Question 14

Vowels that exhibit a change in quality within a single syllable.

Answer 14

diphthongs

Question 15

A pause or slight delay in the continuous flow of speech.

Answer 15

juncture in speech

Question 16

Indicates a fading away into silence.

Answer 16

double cross juncture (#)

Question 17

What controls the level of pitch in speech?

Answer 17

The tension of the vocal folds and the amount of air passing through the glottis.

Question 18

Different vowel sounds produced by varying the placement of the tongue and shaping the lips.

Answer 18

vowel qualities

Question 19

How can the shape of the vocal tract be altered for vowels?

Answer 19

By protruding the lips for rounded vowels or lowering the velum for nasal vowels.

Question 20

What is the difference between tense and lax vowels?

Answer 20

Tense vowels have more tightness on the tongue and lips, while lax vowels are more relaxed.

Question 21

English vowels are divided into how many major types and what are they?

Answer 21

Two; simple vowels
and diphthongs.

Question 22

What causes the change in quality of English diphthongs?
a) A change in vocal cord vibration
b) Tongue movement toward a glide position
c) Lip rounding only
d) Lengthening of the vowel sound

Answer 22

b) Tongue movement toward a glide position

Question 23

Vowels that need more tightness on you tongue and lips.

Answer 23

tense vowels

Question 24

Vowels said with a more relaxed tongue and lips.

Answer 24

lax vowels

Question 25

What are the inherent properties of all phones that contribute to their makeup regardless of place or manner of articulation?

Answer 25

suprasegmental or prosodic properties

Question 26

What two factors contribute to a higher pitch on vowels and sonorant consonants?

Answer 26

Tensed vocal folds and greater air pressure.

Question 27

What causes a lower pitch in speech sounds?

Answer 27

Less tense vocal folds and lower air pressure.

Question 28

This refers to the tone or pitch of the voice.

Answer 28

Intonation

Question 29

Which pitch level in English is used to express surprise, excitement, or intense feeling?

Answer 29

Extra-high pitch

Question 30

Which pitch level is associated with the stressed syllable of a word (primary stress)?

Answer 30

High pitch

Question 31

What is the normal tone or pitch level in English?

Answer 31

Mid pitch

Question 32

Which pitch level occurs as a drop or fade-out tone at the end of a sentence?

Answer 32

Low pitch

Question 33

Which intonation pattern follows the pitch movement 2-3-3? a) Non-final rising-falling intonation b) Rising intonation c) Final rising-falling intonation d) Falling intonation

Answer 33

b) Rising intonation

Question 34

Which intonation pattern is represented by the pitch sequence 2-3-1? a) Rising intonation b) Non-final rising-falling intonation c) Final rising-falling intonation d) Falling intonation

Answer 34

c) Final rising-falling intonation

Question 35

Which intonation pattern is represented by the pitch sequence 2-3-2?

Answer 35

Non-final rising-falling intonation

Question 36

Which arrow symbol (↑, ↗↘, ↗↘→) represents rising intonation?

Answer 36

↑

Question 37

What type of intonation pattern is indicated by the arrow ↗↘?

Answer 37

Non-final rising-falling intonation

Question 38

Which intonation pattern is shown with the arrow ↗↘→?

Answer 38

Final rising-falling intonation

Question 39

In the non-final rising-falling intonation, what is the numerical representation of pitch movement?

Answer 39

2-3-2

Question 40

What are the two main categories of rising intonation patterns?

Answer 40

Final and Non-final.

Question 41

In which type of question does final rising intonation occur?

Answer 41

At the end of yes-no questions and tag questions seeking information.

Question 42

What are the four situations where non-final rising intonation occurs?

Answer 42

* In a series, where all words except the last one have rising intonation. * In nominatives of address. * In alternatives, except for the last option. * In conditional sentences in the initial position.

Question 43

What type of intonation can conditionals in the initial position take?

Answer 43

They may take a non-final rising or a non-final rising-falling intonation.

Question 44

What type of intonation is used at the end of statements?

Answer 44

Rising-falling intonation (Final)

Question 45

Which type of intonation is used at the end of tag questions seeking confirmation?

Answer 45

Rising-falling intonation (Final) ## Footnote or Rising intonation (Final)

Question 46

When is non-final rising-falling intonation used?

Answer 46

At the end of breath groups except for patterns that require the use of the non-final rising intonation.

Question 47

What intonation pattern is used to show intense feeling, surprise, or excitement?

Answer 47

Extra-high intonation