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English Lang And Lit > Language Levels > Flashcards

Language Levels Flashcards

1
Q

What is discourse?

A

A stretch of text (can be spoken, written or multi modal) considered in its context of use

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2
Q

Discourse structure

A

The way in which a narrative is expressed (dependent on form)

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3
Q

Discourses

A

Repeated ways of talking or writing about a subject

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4
Q

What are Labov’s narrative categories

A

Abstract, orientation, complicating action, resolution, coda

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5
Q

What is abstract

A

Indication that the speaker wants a listeners attention

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6
Q

What is orientation

A

The ‘who’ ‘where’ ‘what’ and ‘why’ - it sets the scene and provides background information that the speaker sees as important

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7
Q

What is complicating action

A

The main body of the narrative

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8
Q

What is resolution

A

The ending of the narrative that ties up loose ends and provides closure

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9
Q

What is coda

A

A signal that the narrative has ended

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10
Q

What does semantics mean

A

The study of meaning of words, phrases and sentences

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11
Q

What is hyponymy

A

The way of viewing the relationship between more general and specific words

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12
Q

Euphemism

A

A more socially acceptable word/phrase

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13
Q

Dysphemism

A

Using a blunt or direct word

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14
Q

Taboo

A

Something that is off limits or forbidden

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15
Q

What does Godwin’s story structure include?

A

Story preface, story solicit, preliminary to the story, story action, story climax, story appreciation

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16
Q

What is story preface

A

A signal that a speaker wants to listen

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17
Q

What is story solicit

A

A response from someone else that they want to listen to the story

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18
Q

What is preliminary to the story

A

Background information to the story, ‘who’ ‘what’ ‘where’ and ‘why’

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19
Q

What is story action

A

The main body of the narrative

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20
Q

What is story climax

A

The conclusion of the narrative

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21
Q

What is story appreciation

A

Signals from the audience that communicate their response to the narrative. This might be at points during the story or at the end and could be laughing, questions or agreements

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22
Q

What is an adjacency pair

A

A simple structure of two turns

23
Q

What is preferred response

A

The second part of the pair that fits with the first

24
Q

What is dispreferred response

A

Second part that doesn’t fit with the first or is not what the speaker wants to hear

25
Q

What is insertion sequence

A

An additional sequence between the two parts of the adjacency pair

26
Q

What is exchange sequence

A

Sequence of turns between speakers

27
Q

What is transition relevance place

A

A point where it is relevant for a speaker to take a turn

28
Q

What are constraints

A

The influence of a more powerful speaker who can have an influence on a less powerful one

29
Q

What is phonology

A

An abstract sound system detailing how sounds are used within and across language

30
Q

What are phonetics

A

How sounds are actually produced

31
Q

What are prosodics

A

How sound can be used to influence meaning

32
Q

What is Jargon

A

A set of words that are relative to something

33
Q

What is slang

A

Informal words

34
Q

What is taboo

A

Completely forbidden words

35
Q

What’s an idiom

A

Something that is a metaphorical phrase and can’t be literally worked out, e.g. raining cats and dogs

36
Q

What does Cliché mean

A

It’s an overused expression, e.g. love is blind

37
Q

What’s an archaism

A

An outdated way of saying something

38
Q

What are pragmatics

A

The study of language from the point of view of language users

39
Q

What’s a schema

A

A body of knowledge in our brain

40
Q

What is study of morphology

A

How words are put together/formation of words

41
Q

What is study of syntax

A

The study of how words form larger structures and the deliberate arrangements

42
Q

What’s a descriptivist approach

A

Taking an approach to language study that focuses on how language is actually used

43
Q

What is a prescriptivist approach

A

Taking an approach to language study that focuses on rules and notions of correctness

44
Q

What’s a compound sentence

A

Two simple sentences with a connective. They create coordination. They are good for personal writing, stories, information texts

45
Q

What is a complex sentence

A

A subordinate clause and a main clause. It creates subordination. Good for personal writing, stories and information texts

46
Q

What does a colon do

A

Introduces a list or it’s used in place of a connective in a compound sentence

47
Q

What’s a noun phrase

A

A group of words that make up a noun

48
Q

What does a verb phrase consist of

A

A subject, an object and a complement (attribute of a subject)

49
Q

What does an adverbial do

A

It adds meaning to a clause by telling us when, where, why or how something happened

50
Q

What does a primary auxiliary verb do

A

Shows tense

51
Q

Modal auxiliary verb

A

Shows commitment or mood (must, should, will)

52
Q

What’s a plosive

A

A consonant sound that is produced by blocking the airflow in the vocal tract and then realising it suddenly (p, b)

53
Q

What’s a Fricative?

A

English Lang And Lit (1 decks)

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