Language Levels

Question 1

What is discourse?

Answer 1

A stretch of text (can be spoken, written or multi modal) considered in its context of use

Question 2

Discourse structure

Answer 2

The way in which a narrative is expressed (dependent on form)

Question 3

Discourses

Answer 3

Repeated ways of talking or writing about a subject

Question 4

What are Labov’s narrative categories

Answer 4

Abstract, orientation, complicating action, resolution, coda

Question 5

What is abstract

Answer 5

Indication that the speaker wants a listeners attention

Question 6

What is orientation

Answer 6

The ‘who’ ‘where’ ‘what’ and ‘why’ - it sets the scene and provides background information that the speaker sees as important

Question 7

What is complicating action

Answer 7

The main body of the narrative

Question 8

What is resolution

Answer 8

The ending of the narrative that ties up loose ends and provides closure

Question 9

What is coda

Answer 9

A signal that the narrative has ended

Question 10

What does semantics mean

Answer 10

The study of meaning of words, phrases and sentences

Question 11

What is hyponymy

Answer 11

The way of viewing the relationship between more general and specific words

Question 12

Euphemism

Answer 12

A more socially acceptable word/phrase

Question 13

Dysphemism

Answer 13

Using a blunt or direct word

Question 14

Taboo

Answer 14

Something that is off limits or forbidden

Question 15

What does Godwin’s story structure include?

Answer 15

Story preface, story solicit, preliminary to the story, story action, story climax, story appreciation

Question 16

What is story preface

Answer 16

A signal that a speaker wants to listen

Question 17

What is story solicit

Answer 17

A response from someone else that they want to listen to the story

Question 18

What is preliminary to the story

Answer 18

Background information to the story, ‘who’ ‘what’ ‘where’ and ‘why’

Question 19

What is story action

Answer 19

The main body of the narrative

Question 20

What is story climax

Answer 20

The conclusion of the narrative

Question 21

What is story appreciation

Answer 21

Signals from the audience that communicate their response to the narrative. This might be at points during the story or at the end and could be laughing, questions or agreements

Question 22

What is an adjacency pair

Answer 22

A simple structure of two turns

Question 23

What is preferred response

Answer 23

The second part of the pair that fits with the first

Question 24

What is dispreferred response

Answer 24

Second part that doesn’t fit with the first or is not what the speaker wants to hear

Question 25

What is insertion sequence

Answer 25

An additional sequence between the two parts of the adjacency pair

Question 26

What is exchange sequence

Answer 26

Sequence of turns between speakers

Question 27

What is transition relevance place

Answer 27

A point where it is relevant for a speaker to take a turn

Question 28

What are constraints

Answer 28

The influence of a more powerful speaker who can have an influence on a less powerful one

Question 29

What is phonology

Answer 29

An abstract sound system detailing how sounds are used within and across language

Question 30

What are phonetics

Answer 30

How sounds are actually produced

Question 31

What are prosodics

Answer 31

How sound can be used to influence meaning

Question 32

What is Jargon

Answer 32

A set of words that are relative to something

Question 33

What is slang

Answer 33

Informal words

Question 34

What is taboo

Answer 34

Completely forbidden words

Question 35

What’s an idiom

Answer 35

Something that is a metaphorical phrase and can’t be literally worked out, e.g. raining cats and dogs

Question 36

What does Cliché mean

Answer 36

It’s an overused expression, e.g. love is blind

Question 37

What’s an archaism

Answer 37

An outdated way of saying something

Question 38

What are pragmatics

Answer 38

The study of language from the point of view of language users

Question 39

What’s a schema

Answer 39

A body of knowledge in our brain

Question 40

What is study of morphology

Answer 40

How words are put together/formation of words

Question 41

What is study of syntax

Answer 41

The study of how words form larger structures and the deliberate arrangements

Question 42

What’s a descriptivist approach

Answer 42

Taking an approach to language study that focuses on how language is actually used

Question 43

What is a prescriptivist approach

Answer 43

Taking an approach to language study that focuses on rules and notions of correctness

Question 44

What’s a compound sentence

Answer 44

Two simple sentences with a connective. They create coordination. They are good for personal writing, stories, information texts

Question 45

What is a complex sentence

Answer 45

A subordinate clause and a main clause. It creates subordination. Good for personal writing, stories and information texts

Question 46

What does a colon do

Answer 46

Introduces a list or it’s used in place of a connective in a compound sentence

Question 47

What’s a noun phrase

Answer 47

A group of words that make up a noun

Question 48

What does a verb phrase consist of

Answer 48

A subject, an object and a complement (attribute of a subject)

Question 49

What does an adverbial do

Answer 49

It adds meaning to a clause by telling us when, where, why or how something happened

Question 50

What does a primary auxiliary verb do

Answer 50

Shows tense

Question 51

Modal auxiliary verb

Answer 51

Shows commitment or mood (must, should, will)

Question 52

What’s a plosive

Answer 52

A consonant sound that is produced by blocking the airflow in the vocal tract and then realising it suddenly (p, b)

Question 53

What’s a Fricative?