Language & Mind Quiz

Question 1

Interchangeability

Answer 1

the sender of a message also perceives the message. That is, you hear what you say

Question 2

Traditional/Cultural transmission

Answer 2

the system of communication is transmitted from one generation to the next primarily through a process of teaching and learning

Question 3

Displacement

Answer 3

It is possible to communicate about things and events remote in space or time

Question 4

Learnability

Answer 4

language is teachable and learnable. A speaker can learn another language

Question 5

Duality of Patterning

Answer 5

large numbers of meaningful signals (e.g. morphemes or words) are produced from a small number of meaningless units (i.e. morphemes)

Question 6

Prevarivation

Answer 6

linguistic messages can be false, deceptive or meaningless. Speakers have the ability to lie and deceive

Question 7

Broadcast Transmission

Answer 7

the signal sent out in all directions and can be heard by any auditory system within earshot

Question 8

-Auditory-vocal channel

Answer 8

sound is used between mouth and ear, as opposed to visual, tactile or other means

Question 9

Rapid Fading/ transitoriness

Answer 9

auditory signals are transitory, i.e. lasting a short time

Question 10

Discreteness

Answer 10

language is composed of individual sounds (phonemes) which we combine to construct words, sentences and discourse

Question 11

Total Feedback

Answer 11

Speakers of a language can produce any linguistic message they can understand

Question 12

Productivity

Answer 12

Language is an open system. Users can create and understand novel utterances by combining elements in different ways

Question 13

Arbitrariness

Answer 13

There is no relationship between the language form itself and the thing it represents. the signal is related to the meaning by convention

Question 14

Semanticity

Answer 14

There is a fixed relationship between a signal and a meaning

Question 15

Specialisation

Answer 15

the signal produced is specialized for communication and is not the side effect of some behavior. the organs used for producing speech are specially adapted to that task

Question 16

Reflexiveness

Answer 16

Language can be used to talk about and reflect on language

Question 17

Prefrontal Cortex

Answer 17

problem solving, emotion, complex thought

Question 18

Motor association cortex

Answer 18

coordination of complex movement

Question 19

Primary motor cortex

Answer 19

initiation of voluntary movement

Question 20

Primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 20

receives tactile information from the body

Question 21

Sensory association area

Answer 21

processing of multisensory information

Question 22

Visual association area

Answer 22

complex processing of visual information

Question 23

Visual cortex

Answer 23

detection of simple visual stimuli

Question 24

Wernicke’s area

Answer 24

language comprehension

Question 25

Auditory association area

Answer 25

complex processing of auditory information

Question 26

Auditory Cortex

Answer 26

detection of sound quality (loudness,tone)

Question 27

Speech center (Broca's area)

Answer 27

speech production and articulation

Question 28

Left hemisphere

Answer 28

logical and analytical operations, language, mathematical skills

Question 29

Right Hemisphere

Answer 29

recognition of faces, emotions. Visual-spatial skills. Non-linguistic sounds, music. Processing single words and their relations. Understanding discourse

Question 30

Hemispherectomy

Answer 30

Removal of one hemisphere, other hemisphere take over the functions.

Question 31

Split-brain effects

Answer 31

- cutting the corpus callosum: results in split-brain effects - if a picture is shown to the right of the dot, the patient can name the picture - if a picture is shown to the left, the patient can not name the picture

Question 32

Word reptition

Answer 32

-information must first get to the primary auditory cortex -information is then transmitted to Wernicke's area -from there it travels to Broca's area, then to the primary motor

Question 33

Word reading and reptition

Answer 33

-information must first get to the primary visual cortex -information is then transmitted to Wernicke's area - From there it travels to Broca's area, then to the primary motor cortex

Question 34

Broca's Aphasia

Answer 34

-Broca's area -Production of speech issues (speech disfluencies) -results from damage to the from portion of the language dominant side of the brain

Question 35

Jargon Aphasia

Answer 35

-Wernicke's area -producing language that isn't correct or accurate -using words that are different form -results from damage to the back portion of the language dominant side of the brain

Question 36

Anomic Aphasia

Answer 36

-memory for words effect (loss of memory for words) -can't remember -can't recall certain things -word finding problems in spontaneous speech with good comprehension and word reptition

Question 37

Word meaning deafness

Answer 37

-deaf to the meaning of words when hearing but not when it is written down -processing auditory information -* Speech sounds are recognized but meaning cannot be accessed

Question 38

Transient ischemic attack

Answer 38

-not permanent, just temporarily forgetfulness -blood flow to the brain was temporarily cut off -isolated incident -involving a common command

Question 39

Word Deafness

Answer 39

no recognition of speech sounds

Question 40

Global aphasia

Answer 40

all aspects of language are severely affected

Question 41

Holophrases

Answer 41

one-word utterances can have different meanings (naming, requesting, action, object, possessor, location)

Question 42

overextension

Answer 42

'all animals are dogs'

Question 43

under-extensions

Answer 43

a word is produced only in response to a particular item

Question 44

reduction

Answer 44

children delete or eliminate sounds - tore for store

Question 45

coalescence

Answer 45

phonemes from different syllables are combined into a single syllable - paf for pacifier

Question 46

assimilation

Answer 46

one sound is changed to make it similar to another sound in the same words -nance for dance

Question 47

reduplication

Answer 47

one syllable of a multisyllabic word is repeated -dada for daddy

Question 48

open class (content words)

Answer 48

word types containing an infinite number of words nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs

Question 49

closed class (function words)

Answer 49

word types containing a finite number of words pronouns, auxiliaries, prepositions, determiner, question words, conjunctions

Question 50

observability of referent

Answer 50

the more easily the referent is perceived the more likely it is to be stored in memory

Question 51

meaningfulness

Answer 51

referents and situations of interest to the child will be learned faster

Question 52

distinctiveness

Answer 52

in order to learn a morpheme, the child needs to be able to identify the sounds