Language, Thought And Communication

Question 1

Schema

Answer 1

Where we store new information we’ve learnt

Question 2

The 4 points to Piaget’s theory

Answer 2

Language depends on thought
Young children
The development of language
Logical thinking

Question 3

Piaget’s theory - language depends on thought

Answer 3

Understanding comes before their language

Question 4

Piaget’s theory - young children

Answer 4

They only understand the concepts when they have reached the right stage of cognitive development to have an understanding

Question 5

Piaget’s theory - the development of language

Answer 5

In the sensorimotor stage, children understand the concept of language before they start to use it. In the pre-operational stage, they start to develop the language

Question 6

Piaget’s theory - logical thinking

Answer 6

By the concrete operational stage, children’s language becomes more logical and mature

Question 7

The 4 points of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Answer 7

Thinking depends on language
Strong - language determines thought
Weak - language influences thought
Which version is better?

Question 8

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis - thinking depends on language

Answer 8

That language comes first and then thoughts come after

Question 9

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis - strong

Answer 9

This view says that if a particular word has no words for a certain thought then, if they speak that language, they cannot think about it

Question 10

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis - weak

Answer 10

The weak side says that language only influences thought and doesn’t completely determine thought

Question 11

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis - which version is better?

Answer 11

Both Sapir and Whorf preferred the weaker version of the hypothesis

Question 12

Von Frisch’s bee study aim

Answer 12

To describe the dances performed by bees and how these help bees to communicate

Question 13

Von Frisch’s bee study method

Answer 13

He put food close to a bee and far away and observed 6000 bees over 20 years

Question 14

Von Frisch’s bee study results

Answer 14

There were two types of dances. The round dance was in a circle if food was less than 100 metres away. The waggle dance was them moving a figure of 8 and waggling their abdomen in the middle, if they wiggled faster then it was closer than if they waggled slower

Question 15

Von Frisch’s bee study conclusion

Answer 15

That bees have quite a sophisticated form of animal communication

Question 16

The 4 functions of animal communication

Answer 16

Survival - monkey
Reproduction - peacock
Territory - rhinos
Food - bees

Question 17

3 properties oh human communication that is not present in animal communication

Answer 17

Plan ahead and discuss future events
Creativity
Single Vs multiple channels

Question 18

Verbal communication

Answer 18

When we use words and language as a way of expressing our thoughts and feelings

Question 19

Non - verbal communication

Answer 19

Exchanging information without information

Question 20

The 3 examples of non - verbal communication

Answer 20

Eye contact
Body language
Personal space

Question 21

3 things eye contact does

Answer 21

Regulating flow of conversation
Signalling attraction
Expressing emotion

Question 22

Eye contact - regulating flow of conversation

Answer 22

Eye contact is often used to signal who’s turn it is to speak

Question 23

Eye contact - signalling signs of attraction

Answer 23

Levels of eye contact normally increase when we are up close or talking to someone we like

Question 24

Eye contact - expressing emotion

Answer 24

We use eye contact to express how intense the emotion we are experiencing is

Question 25

3 typed of body language communication

Answer 25

Open and closed posture Postural echo Touch

Question 26

Body language - open and closed posture

Answer 26

Closed posture signals that the person does not want speaking to and open posture signals that the person is more relaxed

Question 27

Body language - postural echo

Answer 27

People who get on, such as friends, tend to copy each others body posture unintentionally

Question 28

Body language - touch

Answer 28

Touch can be used to flirt, express friendship or show dominance

Question 29

3 factors affecting personal space

Answer 29

Cultural differences Gender differences Status differences

Question 30

Personal space - cultural differences

Answer 30

Personal space varies between different cultures as English people are comfortable with personal space of 1 metre where as for Arab men it was a lot closer

Question 31

Personal space - gender differences

Answer 31

Men tend to prefer a larger personal space than women. Women also felt more uncomfortable when their personal space was invaded by the side and men from the front

Question 32

Personal space - status differences

Answer 32

People with equal or similar personal status tend to have closer personal space than those with very different status

Question 33

The 4 parts to Darwin's evolutionary theory

Answer 33

Darwin and evolution Non - verbal communication as evolved and adaptive Comparisons with human behaviour Serviceable habits

Question 34

Darwin's evolutionary theory - Darwin and evolution

Answer 34

Darwin argued that genes for any behaviour that improves an animal's chance of survival are passed on to the next

Question 35

Darwin's evolutionary theory - Non - verbal communication as evolved and adaptive

Answer 35

Darwin suggests that non - verbal communication has evolved in animals as a way of expressing emotions, for example bearing teeth

Question 36

Darwin's evolutionary theory - comparisons with human behaviour

Answer 36

Darwin's theory argues that all animals are linked through evolution, so many of the non - verbal communications we see in animals we often see in humans as well

Question 37

Darwin's evolutionary theory - serviceable habits

Answer 37

Habits that would have been promoted for survival in the wild for animals

Question 38

3 factors that show that non - verbal behaviour is innate

Answer 38

Social releases in neonates Facial expressions in neonates Sensory deprived

Question 39

Neonate research

Answer 39

Research done in newly born babies

Question 40

Evidence that non - verbal behaviour is innate - social releases in neonates

Answer 40

Smiling and eye contact make someone want to care for and look after a baby, making them a survival technique

Question 41

Evidence that non - verbal behaviour is innate - facial expressions in neonates

Answer 41

Babies show emotions through facial expressions very soon after birth

Question 42

Evidence that non - verbal behaviour is innate - sensory deprived

Answer 42

Blind babies can smile even though they have never seen someone smile before showing it is an innate survival technique

Question 43

The 3 factors that show that non - verbal behaviour is learned

Answer 43

Contact Vs non - contact cultures Gestures Explaining cultural differences

Question 44

Evidence that non - verbal behaviour is learned - contact Vs non - contact cultures

Answer 44

People have different personal space in different cultures. In Latin cultures they are classed as a more contact culture than countries such as the UK and the USA which are classed as a more non - contact culture

Question 45

Evidence that non - verbal behaviour is learned - gestures

Answer 45

Different gestures are interpreted by different cultures differently

Question 46

Evidence that non - verbal behaviour is learned - explaining cultural differences

Answer 46

People observe how other people in their culture interact and then immitate it

Question 47

Yuki's emoticon study - aim

Answer 47

To see if there is a difference in how different emoticons are understood by people in the East and in the West

Question 48

Yuki's emoticon study - method

Answer 48

Students from Japan and America were shown emoticons with either happy, sad or neutral eyes and sad, happy or neutral mouths and were asked to rate their emotion on a 9 point scale

Question 49

Yuki's emoticon study - results

Answer 49

Japanese people gave higher ratings for emoticons with happy eyes and American people gave higher ratings for emoticons with happy mouths

Question 50

Yuki's emoticon study - conclusion

Answer 50

That Japanese and American people interpret facial expressions differently, this could be due to cultural norms and expectations