Language under the microscope

Question 1

Common nouns

Answer 1

words for types of things, people, and places, such as ‘dog’, ‘professor’, and ‘city’.

Question 2

Determiner: article

Answer 2

a, an, the

Question 3

Determiner: demonstrative

Answer 3

this,that,these,those

Question 4

Determiner: possessives

Answer 4

my, your, his, its, our, theirs,x’s (possessive ‘s)

Question 5

Determiner: quantifiers

Answer 5

(a) few, fewer, (a) little, many, more, most, some, any, etc.

Question 6

Determiner: numbers

Answer 6

one, two, three etc.

Question 7

Pronoun: personal

Answer 7

• refers to the speaker (1st person)
  I, me, we, my, our
• or the person spoken to (2nd person)
  you, your, yours
• or the person spoken about (3rd person)
  he, she, it, they, theirs, them

Question 8

Pronoun: reflexive

Answer 8

myself, himself, herself, ourselves, themselves, yourself, itself, yourselves

Question 9

Pronoun: relative

Answer 9

who, whom, whose, which, that

Question 10

Pronoun: indefinite

Answer 10

refer generally, not specifically, to persons, places, or things

all, any, anybody, anyone, both, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, few, many, more, most, much, neither, nobody, none, no one, several, some, somebody,

Question 11

Pronoun: possessive

Answer 11

The bike was HERS.

Question 12

Epistemic modal

Answer 12

modal verb use relating to belief and knowledge; degrees of certainty (I think it WILL rain later)

Question 13

Deontic modal

Answer 13

modal verb use relating to obligation and permission (He SHOULD have left)

Question 14

Stative verb

Answer 14

thoughts and opinions (to agree, to believe)

Question 15

Mental verb

Answer 15

related to concepts of discovering, planning and understanding (to dream, to guess)

Question 16

Intransitive verbs

Answer 16

verbs which can be used without an object eg. that student’s going

Question 17

Active voice

Answer 17

The subject of the sentence performs the action eg. The girl kicked the ball

Question 18

Passive voice

Answer 18

the object receives the action eg. The ball was kicked

Question 19

Adverbial Subordinate Clause

Answer 19

a sentence tells you more about the action in the main part of the sentence. It gives you information about when, where, how, why, or under what conditions something happened

Question 20

A non-finite clause

Answer 20

is a type of subordinate clause that contains a verb form that does not show tense or subject-verb agreement

Question 21

Register

Answer 21

formal, informal, academic, medical, etc

Question 22

Register & Formality

Answer 22

Field: Words related to the text’s subject matter.
Mode: Written, spoken, or mixed mode.
Manner: Level of formality.

Question 23

Polysemic

Answer 23

Words with multiple meanings eg. bank

Question 24

Compound

Answer 24

Combining two words to create a new one eg. bedroom

Question 25

Collocation

Answer 25

Natural combinations of words eg. fast food, pay attention, fish & chips

Question 26

Lexical field

Answer 26

words which belong to one topic area. identifies the main subject matter

Question 27

Semantic field

Answer 27

groups words with similar meanings.

Question 28

Euphemism

Answer 28

Substituting mild expressions for harsh ones eg. passed away" instead of 'died'

Question 29

Dysphemism

Answer 29

Substituting offensive expressions eg. six feet under for 'in hell'

Question 30

Proper nouns

Answer 30

name of a place or person

Question 31

Concrete nouns

Answer 31

can be experienced through senses (usually touching)

Question 32

Abstract nouns

Answer 32

can't touch but can have an idea of it eg. Love

Question 33

Collective nouns

Answer 33

refers to groups of things in a single unit eg. teens, herd, class

Question 34

Pronoun: interrogative

Answer 34

- used to ask a question who, whose, which, what

Question 35

Gradable adjectives

Answer 35

Big, Bigger and Biggest

Question 36

Non-gradable adjective

Answer 36

Exhilarating, more exhilarating, most exhilarating

Question 37

Postmodification

Answer 37

Adjectives AFTER the main noun

Question 38

Premodification

Answer 38

Adjectives BEFORE the main noun

Question 39

Primary verbs

Answer 39

be, have, do can be used as main verbs or auxiliary verbs

Question 40

Modal Auxiliary Verbs

Answer 40

express degrees of possibility, probability, necessity or obligation - Can, could, may, might, shall, should, ought, must, will, would (Epistemic, Deontic)

Question 41

Dynamic verb

Answer 41

indicates an action (to run)

Question 42

Relational verb

Answer 42

to connect two closely related concepts, usually through equivalence or possession. (to consist of, to seem, to belong to)

Question 43

Material verb

Answer 43

describes actions involving the manipulation or transformation of physical objects or substances (to cut, to mix, to bake, to write,)

Question 44

Verbal verb

Answer 44

describe an action performed through speech or writing, such as (to say)

Question 45

Transitive verb

Answer 45

verb that requires an object eg. students enjoying her lesson

Question 46

Compound Sentences

Answer 46

consist of two or more independent clauses (complete sentences) that are joined together using coordinating conjunctions "and," "but," "or," "nor," "for," "so," and "yet" eg. I wanted to go to the movies, but I didn't have enough money

Question 47

Complex Sentences

Answer 47

contain one independent clause and at least one dependent clause (aka a subordinate clause) eg. Because it was raining, I stayed at home

Question 48

Compound-Complex Sentences

Answer 48

combine elements of both compound and complex sentences. They consist of two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent clause eg. I went to the store, but I forgot to buy the milk because I was in a hurry