Language Under The Microscope (P1 Q1B) Flashcards
SVOCA
1)subject -> what is doing the action (or being something)
2)verb-> the action or state
3)object -> what is being done to the thing on the receiving end
4)complement -> goes with/describes/tells us more about the subject (or object)
5)adverbial -> tells us how, when or where something happens
Simple,Compound,Complex (sentence types)
simple -> contains one independent clauses (only one thing is happening/being stated)
“I watched TV”
compound -> contains two or more clauses joined by coordinating conjunctions (joint independent clauses)
“I watched TV and then went to bed”
complex -> -contains two or more clauses (subordinating conjunction joins them)
-must contain at least one independent clause
- must contain one or more dependent clause
Compound-complex sentence
= mixture of independent (co-ordinate) clauses and dependent (subordinate clauses)
e.g “Although i was taking a trip to london last week, which was successful, i am going to catch back up now and we will soon move onto language in the media”
Minor sentences
= elliptical sentences/classes
(elements missed out)
e.g “Meteorite crashed through rough in Godalming”
“Cup of tea?”
usually found in headlines
Coordinating and Subordinating conjunctions (def and examp)
co-ordinating:
and
but
then
so
=joins two independent clauses together (compound)
subordinating:
because
unless
when
although
=joins an independent and dependent clause together (complex)
Dependent and Independent clauses
Dependent =joined to the independent clause by a subordinating conjunction
(THEY DO NOT MAKE SENSE ALONE)
Independent = a clause that can form a complete sentence standing alone, having a subject and a predicate.
Syntax
How clauses are organised in the sentence so that some things are brought to the front and some left to the end (ordering in the parts of a sentence)
(e.g moving subordinating clauses around , where is the subject AND WHY)
what make something not a sentence
No verb
Relative clauses
used to add extra information about the nouns in the main clause , without starting another sentence
Usually involves -> who, which, that, where, when, whose (Ie That’s the woman who bought my house, or The mother whose child was missing was very sad)
- sometimes seen in brackets as added info
Active vs Passive voice
active : the subject performs the verb ( the dog ate the turkey)
- in the active voice
passive : the verb is done to the subject ( the turkey was eaten by the dog)
- passive voice (formed by the verb to be and past participle e.g was and won)
Agent
the thing that carries out the verb
( e.g the sheriff was shot by ME)
Pros of active and passive voice
active :
-shorter
-easier to read
-more informative
-more authoritative
passive :
- used to avoid blame ( agent not always used e.g The documents were lost)
- used for a neural tone
- used to focus on the subject
The four moods;
Declarative
Interrogative
Imperative
Exclamatory
declarative =a sentence that makes a statement
( ends with a full stop!)
interrogative = asks a question
imperative = gives a command
exclamatory = expresses emotion with an !
Complement and adverbial explained
complement-> a noun phrase, adjective phrase, a single noun or a single adjective
‘angel was happy’
a-> subject
w -> copular verb
h -> complement
adverbial-> usually describing when
‘Angela was happy AT LAST’
Adverbial clauses
(Type of DC)
= Tells you when, where, how and why the verb takes place.
Eg ‘ when the sun shines’
