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vtt 212 - surgery tech 2 > large animal anesthesia > Flashcards

large animal anesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

3 settings in which large animal anesthesia is performed

A

field - outside, keep clean, strictly IV no gas
clinic - stall or housed area, aseptic or sterile technique
hospital - complete surgery suite, sterile technique

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2
Q

concerns when anesthetizing ruminants

A
  • drug withdrawal times
  • not ideal for general anesthesia
  • not economical
  • regurgitation and inhalation
  • weight of abdominal organs
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3
Q

recommendations for withholding food and water and other preparations prior to anesthesia in horses, cattle, and pigs

A

horses- 12-24 hrs fast, jug catheter
cattle- 24 hrs fast, jug catheter
pigs - overnight

water access still allowed
pre-anesthetic BW, get weight

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4
Q

anticholinergics

A
  • treat bradycardia
  • horse - dec intestinal activity, ileus, colic
  • ruminants - dec saliva, more viscous, difficult to clear from trachea, more frequent and higher dosing
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5
Q

alpha 2 agonists

A
  • good sedation
  • delayed anesthesia
  • bradycardia
  • horses can still kick
  • 1/10th of dose in ruminants vs horses
  • detomidine for horses
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6
Q

phenothiazine

A
  • slower sedative than alpha-2
  • good for anxious horses
  • synergistic effect with alpha-2
  • needle shy horse: combine w detomidine and give sublingually
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7
Q

opioids

A
  • good for short duration visceral analgesia
  • fast onset
  • combined with alpha-2
  • less predictable in ruminants
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8
Q

benzodiazepine

A
  • muscle relaxant
  • no analgesia
  • fast onset
  • premed in neonates
  • induction agent when combined with ketamine
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9
Q

neuromuscular blockers

A
  • triple drip
  • not manufactured commercially
  • must have been compounded
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10
Q

dissociative

A
  • induction
  • no muscle relaxation
  • give alpha-2 as premed, combine midazolam/diazepam or guaifenesin
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11
Q

inhalant anesthetic

A

more pronounced hypotension, hypoventilation, reduced co in ruminants

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12
Q

horse intubation

A
  • sternal or lateral
  • mouth gag
  • blind intubation with palpation
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13
Q

manual reflexes used in assessing anesthetic depth

A

palpebral, corneal, eye position, ear twitch

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14
Q

TPR for horses

A

35-50 bpm (>60, <30)
6-12 rpm
98-101 F

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15
Q

TPR for cattle

A

50-80 bpm
20-30 rpm
100-103 F

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16
Q

how do respirations differ in cattle compared to horses

A

prone to bloating causing shallow respirations (rapid)

17
Q

common locations for obtaining a pulse on a horse

A

submandibular
facial
radial
lateral
metatarsal
digital

18
Q

methods of obtaining blood pressure in horses

A
  • indirect cuff: base of tail, peripheral limb
  • indirect doppler
  • direct with 12-16 g catheter
19
Q

normal equine BP

A

40-70 mmHg
75-100 mmHg
90-120 mmHg

20
Q

equine anesthesia safety

A
  • protect eye
  • open grassy area
  • large stall without feeders or buckets
21
Q

equine anesthesia recovery

A
  • rope on halter or tail
  • remain recumbent
  • apply pressure or sit on dorsal aspect of neck
  • plan an exit
22
Q

equine behavior under anesthesia

A
  • may hold breath up to 2 minutes
  • have strong flight instinct
23
Q

post anesthetic myelopathy

A
  • hypoperfusion of compressed muscle
  • dependent muscles when in lateral or dorsal
  • draft breeds more prone
  • unable to stand
  • pain on standing
24
Q

concerns when anesthetizing equine neonates

A
  • minimize CV depression
  • foals lay down when tired
  • do not fast
  • mare should remain with foal if possible
  • hold down until awake
25
Q

how do donkeys differ with regards to anesthesia

A
  • less sensitive to anesthetic
  • 1.5 times the dose of horse
  • aim when kicking
  • avoid guaifenesin
26
Q

ruminant intubation

A
  • sternal
  • mouth gag
  • blind intubation
  • laryngoscope in small ruminants
  • laryngeal spasm
27
Q

why blood pressure monitoring is important in horses vs small animals

A

drops in HR can indicated serious issues

vtt 212 - surgery tech 2 (13 decks)

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