large complex molecules

Question 1

where is the OH on a alpha glucose

Answer 1

below

Question 2

where is the OH on a beta glucose

Answer 2

above

Question 3

what is maltose made from

Answer 3

two alpha glucose

Question 4

maltose structure

Answer 4

joined by 1-4 glycosidic bonds

Question 5

what is sucrose made from

Answer 5

alpha glucose and fructose

Question 6

sucrose structure

Answer 6

1-4 glycosidic bond

Question 7

what is lactose made up from

Answer 7

alpha glucose and galactose

Question 8

lactose structure

Answer 8

1-4 glycosidic bond

Question 9

role of starch

Answer 9

an insoluble energy store in plant cells

Question 10

what is startch made up of

Answer 10

amylose and amylopectin

Question 11

what is amylose made up of

Answer 11

alpha glucose

Question 12

structure of amylose

Answer 12

Unbranched
1-4 glycosidic bonds
Helical shape
Compact

Question 13

what is amylopectin made up from

Answer 13

alpha glucose

Question 14

structure of amylopectin

Answer 14

Branched
1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
Coiled shape
Compact

Question 15

role of glycogen

Answer 15

insoluble energy storage carbohydrate in animal cells

Question 16

what is glycogen made up from

Answer 16

alpha glucose

Question 17

structure of glycogen

Answer 17

Highly branched
1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
Condense and Compact

Question 18

role of cellulose

Answer 18

insoluble structural carbohydrate in plant cells

Question 19

what is cellulose made up from

Answer 19

Beta glucose where every 2nd glucose is inverted

Question 20

structure of cellulose

Answer 20

Unbranched
1-4 glycosidic bonds
Hydrogen bonds between chains cross link to form microfibrils which form fibre
Every 2nd glucose inverted
Straight, unbranched chains

Question 21

what is primary structure

Answer 21

the number and sequence amino acids in a chain held together by peptide bonds
Determined by DNA base sequence
final 3D structure depends on the primary structure

Question 22

secondary structure

Answer 22

The folding and coiling of primary into a alpha helix or a beta pleated sheet
Determined by the R groups
held together by H bonds

Question 23

tertiary structure

Answer 23

folding and coiling into a 3D shape
determined by R groups
held together by hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, disulphide bridges or hydrophobic interactions

Question 24

hydrophobic interactions

Answer 24

these occur when water reporting R group align from water

Question 25

disulphide bridges

Answer 25

these are strong covalent S-S bonds between two sulphur containing amino acids

Question 26

hydrogen bonds

Answer 26

between R group that have small negative and small positive charges

Question 27

ionic bonding

Answer 27

between R groups with strong positive or negative charges

Question 28

quarternary structure

Answer 28

a protein with two or more polypeptide chains determined by R groups same bonds as tertiary may be a prosthetic group

Question 29

what happens during transcription

Answer 29

DNA holds a genetic code in the nucleus the gene is a template for mRNA synthesis it is unzipped by an enzyme mRNA is synthesised in the nucleus (a copy of the genetic code) the mRNA moves to the cytoplasm to the ribosomes

Question 30

what happens during translation

Answer 30

mRNA codons carry the information for the sequence of amino acids ribosomes are the sight of protein synthesis the amino acids are carried to the ribosomes by tRNA peptide bonds form between the amino acids protein synthesis is terminated by a stop codon