Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

SX, OPHTH, DENT > Laryngeal paralysis > Flashcards

Laryngeal paralysis Flashcards

(51 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

absence of abduction of the arytenoid cartilages during inspiration

A

laryngeal paralysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

with laryngeal paralysis there is absence of abduction of arytenoid cartilages during (inspiration or expiration)

A

inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

laryngeal collapse is (structural / functional) issue while paralysis is a

A

collapse: structural

paralysis: functional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Is unilateral or bilateral laryngeal paralysis more common to see symptoms

A

Bilateral

(hard to see unilateral unless working dog or owners very engaging with pet)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T/F: laryngeal paralysis is only acquired

A

False -

it can be congenital or acquired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What causes congenital laryngeal paralysis

A

Central neurologic lesion
dogs <1 year of age

breeds: Husky, bouvier de flandres, rottweiler, dalmation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What kinds of dogs do you typically see congenital laryngeal paralysis in

A

Dogs <1 year of age

Husky, Bouvier de Flandres, Rottweiler, Dalmation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

At what age is congenital laryngeal paralysis typically seen

A

<1 year

-often onset of signs by 6 months
-huskies typically have blue eyes, really white facial markings, and oral mucosal tags or tissue bands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What typically causes acquired laryngeal paralysis

A

A peripheral lesion
1) Trauma
2) Compressive masses
3) Iatrogenic - damage to recurrent laryngeal nerve
4) Polyneuropathy (endocrine, infectious, immune-mediated, hypothyroidism)
5) Idiopathic polyneuropathy **(most common)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What might cause a polyneuropathy leading to laryngeal paralysis

A

-Endocrine
-Infectious
-Immune mediated
-Hypothyroid??
-Idiopathic **

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What breeds typically get idiopathic polyneuropathy - laryngneal paralysis

A

Labs
Golden Retrievers
St. Bernard
Irish Setter

mostly older dogs
(multiple nerves affected)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What age of dogs typically get idiopathic polyneuropathy - laryngneal paralysis

A

Older dogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

With idiopathic polyneuropathy - laryngneal paralysis, what nerves are often affected

A

Recurrent Laryngeal N. often affected first (multiple nerves can be effected)
-sciatic?
-nerve to esophagus?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What muscle does the recurrent laryngeal nerve innervate

A

cricoarytneoideus dorsalis m (CAD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does GOLPP stand for

A

Geriatric Onset Laryngeal Paralysis Polyneuropathy (GOLPP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do dogs with Geriatric Onset Laryngeal Paralysis Polyneuropathy (GOLPP) present

A

Acute on Chronic:
-Inspiratory stridor
-Collapse
-Upper airway obstruction
-Pulmonary edema
-Aspiration pneumonia
-Heatstroke

Chronic:
-Inspiratory stridor
-Exercise intolerance
-Change in bark
-Cough and gagg
-Aspiration pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What sound is heard with Geriatric Onset Laryngeal Paralysis Polyneuropathy (GOLPP)

A

inspiratory stridor

-Inspiratory obstructive dyspnea (slow and deep)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a result of the inspiratory stridor seen in dogs with laryngeal paralysis

A

1) Inspiratory stridor
2) Upper airway obstruction
3) Laryngeal edema and inflammation
4) Acute respiratory distress, cyanosis, syncope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Laryngeal paralysis you might hear upper airway sounds with

A

inspiratory stridor with pneumonia (cough), hyperthermia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What should you include in your workup for Geriatric Onset Laryngeal Paralysis Polyneuropathy (GOLPP)

A

Neurologic Exam!
-Assess gag reflex
-Muscle wasting
-Weakness
-CP deficits in pelvic limbs
-Cranial tibial muscle atrophy

Ask about GI history!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

With Geriatric Onset Laryngeal Paralysis Polyneuropathy (GOLPP), what might also occur

Study These Flashcards
A

GI signs - nerves also innervate the esophagus and other GI organs
(can have esophageal dysmotility or megaesophagus)

22
Q

How does laryngeal paralysis sound

Study These Flashcards
A

Inspiratory Stridor
-Inspiratory Obstructive Dyspnea
-Slow and Deep

23
Q

What are you differentials for an inspiratory stridor

Study These Flashcards
A

-Laryngeal paralysis
-Laryngeal collapse
-Laryngeal mass (extraluminal or intraluminal)
-Pharyngeal mass

24
Q

What is significant about feline laryngeal paralysis

Study These Flashcards
A

Dont necessarily hear stridor

Can be clinical for unilateral -

weight loss might be a sign

Cause- idiopathic for most (not that common)

25
T/F: cats can be clinical for unilateral laryngeal paralysis
True you might not necessarily hear stridor
26
What are common clinical signs of laryngeal paralysis in cats
Tachypnea Dyspnea Dysphagia Weight loss Voice change coughing lethargy
27
What is the typical age of onset for laryngeal paralysis in cats
4month-17 years (medial 11years)
28
What diagnostics should you do for Geriatric Onset Laryngeal Paralysis Polyneuropathy (GOLPP)
1) Routine blood work (WBC-pneumonia) 2) Endocrine function (hypothyroidism) 3) Thoracic radiographs +/- esophagram 4) Sedated laryngeal exam
29
What might you see on thoracic rads for dogs with Geriatric Onset Laryngeal Paralysis Polyneuropathy (GOLPP)
1) Megaesophagus 2) Aspiration pneumonia 3) Pulmonary edema 4) Mediastinal Masses pre-op pneumonia increases the risk of post-op complications by 2.75 times
30
How does megaesophagus affect prognosis of Geriatric Onset Laryngeal Paralysis Polyneuropathy (GOLPP) cases
if they have megaesphagus they have an increased risk of aspiration pneumonia
31
For a laryngeal exam, what can you do for pre-medication
Acepromazine Methadone Hydromorphone Fentanyl Dexmedetomidine all can affect laryngeal function
32
When doing laryngeal exams, what can you do to lightly anesthetize the dog
-Propofol 4-6mg/kg IV to effect -Dopram 1mg/kg IV to effect -Metoclopramide (for risk of aspiration pneumonia)
33
central respiratory stimulant that is helpful for laryngeal exams
Dopram 1mg/kg IV to effect
34
When doing a sedated laryngeal exam, what drug is given to reduce the risk of aspiration pneumonia
Metoclopramide
35
In dogs with laryngeal paralysis, what can you do
-Rest -Cooling -Supplemental Oxygen -Acepromazine: 0.01-0.03 mg/kg IV, max dose of 2mg -Butorphanol 0.2-0.3 mg/kg IV -Dexamethasone 0.1-0.25 mg/kg IV 1) Endotracheal intubation - not all dogs can be extubated 2) Temporary tracheostomy: 10x more likely to develop a post-op complication; 9x more likely to die
36
What is paradoxical motion
a dog with laryngeal paralysis but when the patient inspires, the larynx closes -Common to see on Dopram common to see vocal chords flapping
37
Paradoxical motion of the larynx is common to see when the patient is on
Dopram
38
Dogs that have a temporary tracheostomy have
10x more likely to develop a post-op complication; 9x more likely to die
39
What are the different surgical treatments for laryngeal paralysis
1) Arytenoid lateralization 2) Ventriculocordectomy and partial aryenoidectomy (oral approach or ventral larngotomy) 3) Bilateral Ventriculocordectomy (oral approach and ventral laryngotomy) 4) Permanent tracheostomy
40
What is the most common surgical treatment for laryngeal paralysis
Arytenoid lateralization
41
Why is bilateral arytenoid lateralization not recommended
because of aspiration pneumonia risk
42
Arytenoid lateralization functions to
increase diameter of rima glottis
43
Is Arytenoid lateralization done unilaterally or bilaterally
unilaterally
44
Permanent tracheostomy is used in laryngeal cases that have
Cases that are high risk 1) High risk of aspiration pneumona 2) Megaesophagus 3) Hiatal hernia
45
In arytenoid lateralization, where does your suture go through
the muscular process of the arytenoid
46
In larynx surgery, what are some landmarks
-Cricoid/Trachea Junction -Dorsal wing of the thyroid cartilage -Hyoid bone- go caufal -Muscular porcess of the arytenoid
47
Where does the suture go in laryngeal paralysis sx
suture goes in the back of the cricoid, comes out through cricoid and to muscular process of the arytenoid and then tied suture mimics the muscle of cricoarytenoideus dorsalis (CAD) muscle
48
What is the downside of arytenoid lateralization
lifetime risk of aspiration pneumonia 10-20% short term 30% long term other risks: suture failure, seroma
49
What is the prognosis of arytenoid lateralization
good to excellent results (90-100%) long term prognosis is 75% survival at 4 years
50
What should you do for post-op recovery of arytenoid lateralization
-no opioids -minimize the use of IV sedatives -discharge the same day to reduce stress -no food or water until staanding and walking -meatball under supervision -Start oral pain medication and discharge
51
What should you do for aftercare after arytenoid lateralization
-Carprofen 2.2mg/kg PO BID (if no steroids) -Gabapentin -Cisapride 30 min prior to eating x2week -Canned food meatballs for 2 weeks, then transition to soaked dry kibble -Harness -NO SWIMMING

SX, OPHTH, DENT (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions