Larynx

Question 1

provides a protective sphincter at the inlet of the air passages and is responsible for voice production.

It is situated below the tongue and hyoid bone and between the great blood vessels of the neck and lies at the level of the fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrae

Answer 1

Larynx

Question 2

Is larynx continuous with the trachea?

Answer 2

Yes

Question 3

The larynx is covered in front by the ____ and at the sides by the ____

Answer 3

Infrahyoid muscles , thryoid gland,

Question 4

How many hyaline cartilage elements make up the skeleton of the larynx

Answer 4

Nine hyaline cartilage

Question 5

largest cartilage of the larynx and consists of two laminae that meet in the midline in the deep-set

Answer 5

Thyroid cartilage

Question 6

projects forward from the apex of the thyroid notch (adam’s apple)

Answer 6

Laryngeal prominence

Question 7

This cartilage lies below the thyroid cartilage and is shaped like a signet ring, having a broad lamina behind and a shallow arch in front

Answer 7

Cricoid cartilage

Question 8

The cricoid cartilage has an _____ on each side of the lateral surface for articulation with the inferior cornu of the thyroid cartilage. Posteriorly, the lamina has an articular facet on its upper border on each side for articulation with the _______

Answer 8

Articular facet , arytenoid cartilage

Question 9

Paired, small, pyramid-shaped arytenoid cartilages located at the back of the larynx articulate with the upper border of the lamina of the cricoid cartilage.

Answer 9

Arytenoid cartilage

Question 10

Each arytenoid cartilage has an apex above that articulates with the?

Answer 10

Small corniculate cartilage

Question 11

The base of the arytenoid cartilage, articulates with the ____ , and a _____ that projects forward and gives attachment to the vocal ligament.

Answer 11

Lamina of cricoid cartilage , vocal process

Question 12

projects laterally gives attachment to the posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles.

Answer 12

Muscular process

Question 13

___ Two small, conical-shaped corniculate cartilages articulate with the apices of the arytenoid cartilages. They give attachment to the ___

Answer 13

Corniculate cartilages , aryepiglottic fold

Question 14

These two small rod-shaped cartilages are in the aryepiglottic folds and serve to strengthen them.

Answer 14

Cuneiform cartilages

Question 15

This leaf-shaped lamina of elastic cartilage lies behind the root of the tongue.

Answer 15

Epiglottic cartilage

Question 16

The sides of the epiglottis are attached to the arytenoid cartilages by the __ of mucous membrane

Answer 16

Aryepiglottic folds

Question 17

Two pairs of synovial joint in the larynx

Answer 17

Cricothyroid and cricoarytenoid joint

Question 18

A joint that is between the inferior cornu of the thyroid cartilage and the lateral side of the cricoid cartilage

Answer 18

Cricothyroid joint

Question 19

A joint that. Is Between the base of the arytenoid cartilage and the superior border of the lamina of the cricoid cartilage

Question 20

This connects the upper margin of the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone

Answer 20

Thyrohyoid membrane

Question 21

This connects the inferior end of the epiglottic cartilage to the posterior median aspect of the thyroid lamina.

Answer 21

Thyroepiglottic ligament

Question 22

This connects the cricoid cartilage to the first tracheal ring

Answer 22

Cricotracheal ligament

Question 23

This extends between the epiglottis and the arytenoid cartilages. Its thickened inferior margin forms the vestibular ligament, and the ____ form the interior of the ____.

Answer 23

Quadrangular membrane

Vestibular ligament

Vestibular folds

Question 24

interconnects the cricoid, thyroid, and arytenoid cartilages

Answer 24

Cricothyroid cartilage

Question 25

opening from the pharynx into the larynx and is formed by the epiglottis and the aryepiglottic folds.

Answer 25

Laryngeal inlet

Question 26

What forms the laryngeal inlet

Answer 26

Epiglottis and the aryepiglottic folds

Question 27

a recess on either side of the inlet. The aryepiglottic fold is the medial boundary, and the thyroid cartilage plus the thyrohyoid membrane are the lateral boundaries.

Answer 27

Piriform fossa

Question 28

is a fixed fold on each side of the larynx It is formed by mucous membrane covering the vestibular ligament and is vascular and pink in color.

Answer 28

Vestibular fold

Question 29

is a mobile fold on each side of the larynx and is concerned with voice production. It is formed by mucous membrane covering the vocal ligament and is avascular and white in color.

Answer 29

Vocal fold

Question 30

aperture between the vocal folds.

Answer 30

Rima glottidis

Question 31

narrowest part of the larynx and measures about 2.5 cm from front to back

Answer 31

Glottis

Question 32

Three divisions of laryngeal cavity

Answer 32

Vestibule (upper region) Middle region Infraglottic cavity (lower region)

Question 33

Division of a laryngeal cavity where the area between the inlet and the vestibular folds

Answer 33

Vestibule (upper region)

Question 34

Division of the laryngeal cavity where it is the central space (airway) situated between the opposite vestibular folds and vocal folds.

Answer 34

Middle region

Question 35

Division of the laryngeal cavity where the area between the vocal folds above and the lower border of the cricoid cartilage below

Answer 35

Infraglottic cavity

Question 36

Two groups of laryngeal muscle

Answer 36

Extrinsic attachments outside the larynx and intrinsic origin and insertion onto laryngeal elements

Question 37

Narrows the laryngeal inlet

Answer 37

Oblique arytenoid m.

Question 38

M that widens the laryngeal inlet

Answer 38

Thyroepiglottis M

Question 39

Five muscles that move the vocal cords

Answer 39

Cricothyroid and vocalis Transverse arytenoid Thyroarytenoid Lateral cricoarytenoid Posterior cricoarytenoid

Question 40

Tenses the vocal cord

Answer 40

Cricothyroid and vocalis m

Question 41

Relaxes the vocal cord

Answer 41

Thyroarytenoid

Question 42

Adducting the vocal cords

Answer 42

Lateral cricoarytenoid m

Question 43

Abducting the vocal cords

Answer 43

Posterior cricoarytenoid m

Question 44

Approximates the arytenoid cartilage

Answer 44

Transverse arytenoid M.

Question 45

Rima glottidis opens by the contraction of the ____, which rotates the _____ cartilage and abducts the vocal process.

Answer 45

Posterior cricoarytenoid, arytenoid

Question 46

Rima glottidis closes by contraction of ____, which rotates the ___ cartilage and adducts the vocal process.

Answer 46

Lateral cricoarytenoid M, arytenoid

Question 47

The posterior part of the glottis is narrowed when the arytenoid cartilages are drawn together by contraction of the?

Answer 47

Transverse arytenoid M

Question 48

Vocal folds are stretched by contraction of the ____ muscle and slackened by contraction of the ____ muscle

Answer 48

Cricothyroid muscle, thyroarytenoid muscle

Question 49

On quiet inspiration, the vocal folds ____ and the rima glottidis is ___ in shape with the apex in front. On expiration, the vocal folds ___ leaving a small gap between them

Answer 49

Abduct, Triangular, adduct

Question 50

On deep inspiration, the vocal folds maximally _____, and the triangular shape of the glottis becomes a ___shape because of the maximal lateral rotation of the arytenoid cartilages.

Answer 50

Abduct, diamond

Question 51

Two sphincters exist in the larynx are located where?

Answer 51

One at the inlet and one at the rima glottidis

Question 52

The sphincter that is used only during swallowing

Answer 52

Sphincter at the inlet

Question 53

Serves as a sphincter in coughing or sneezing

Answer 53

Rima glottidis

Question 54

Quality of voice is controlled by what muscles?

Answer 54

Soft palate, tongue, flor of mouth, cheeks, lips and jaws

Question 55

Vowel sounds are usually purely oral with the ______ raised so that the air is channeled through the mouth rather than the nose.

Answer 55

Soft palate

Question 56

involves the intermittent release of expired air between the adducted vocal folds.

Answer 56

Speech

Question 57

the vibrations of speech are given to a constant stream of expired air that passes through the ___

Answer 57

Posterior part of the rima glottidis

Question 58

The mucous membrane of the larynx lines the cavity and is covered with ___ epithelium

Answer 58

Ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 59

On the vocal cords, however, where the mucous membrane is subject to repeated trauma during phonation, the mucous membrane is covered with ___

Answer 59

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 60

Supplies the entire larynx

Answer 60

Vagus Nerve. Through its SUPERIOR and RECURRENT branches

Question 61

Superior laryngeal nerve divides into ___ and __ above the larynx

Answer 61

External and internal laryngeal nerves

Question 62

Nerve that descends on the exterior of the larynx and extends to the cricothyroid muscle.

Answer 62

External laryngeal nerve

Question 63

nerve that penetrates the lateral aspect of the thyrohyoid membrane (in company with the superior laryngeal artery) and enters the larynx.

Answer 63

Internal laryngeal nerve

Question 64

The ______ ascends the neck and becomes the _____ nerve when it passes the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage and enters the larynx.

Answer 64

Recurrent laryngeal nerve Inferior laryngeal nerve

Question 65

Sensory nerves above the vocal cords

Answer 65

Internal laryngeal nerve

Question 66

Sensory nerve below the level of the vocal cords

Answer 66

Inferior laryngeal nerve

Question 67

Motor nerve that supplies the cricothyroid m

Answer 67

External laryngeal nerve

Question 68

Motor nerve that supplies all of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid m

Answer 68

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 69

Blood supply of the upper half of the larynx

Answer 69

Superior laryngeal branch of superior thyroid artery

Question 70

Blood supply of the lower half of the larynx

Answer 70

Inferior laryngeal branch of the inferior thyroid A