Larynx

Question 1

Larynx is

Answer 1

functional protective sphincter of the respiratory tract

And containing the vocal apparatus.

Question 2

Larynx start from ____ to _____

Answer 2

C3
C6

Question 3

Anterior to larynx

Answer 3

fascia (deep and superficial), platysma and skin

Question 4

Posterior to larynx

Answer 4

pharynx, prevertebral muscles and cervical vertebrae

Question 5

Superior to larynx

Answer 5

Pharynx

Question 6

Inferior to larynx

Answer 6

Trachea

Question 7

Structures of larynx

Answer 7

Hyoid bone - 9 cartridges - ligaments - muscles

Question 8

Hyoid bone

Answer 8

At c3
Firmly attached above larynx

Question 9

Paired larynx cartilage

Answer 9

6
Corniculate
Cuneiform
Arytenoid

Question 10

Unpaired larynx cartilages

Answer 10

Epiglottis
Thyroid
Cricoid

Question 11

Epiglottis

Answer 11

Elastic
leaf’-shaped
The lower narrower end attached to thyroid cartilage by thyroeppiglottic ligament
The upper boarder end free superiorly

Question 12

Thyroid cartilage

Answer 12

Hyaline
Shield like
Largest
Midline structure
Upper c4 and lower c5 boarders have horns (cornua) post - inf cornua has facet tor articulation with cricoid

Question 13

Cricoid cartilage

Answer 13

Hyaline
Signet shape
At c6
Lateral boarder with thyroid cornua
Upper boarder with artynoid cartilages

Question 14

Arytenoid

Answer 14

Pyramidal
Each with Lateral muscular process (for insertion of both cricoarytenoid muscles
Anterior vocal process ( post attachment of vocal ligament

Question 15

Corniculate - cuneiform

Answer 15

provide attachments for some intrinsic laryngeal muscles and are both found within the aryepiglottic folds (the fibro-elastic membrane between the epiglottis and arytenoids – lower border of which is free and forms the vestibular ligament or false cord)

Question 16

Laryngeal ligaments

Answer 16

1- thyrohyoid membrane
2- hyoepiglottic ligament
3- cricothyroid ligament
4- cricotracheal ligament

Question 17

Thyrohyoid membrane

Answer 17

between the upper border of the thyroid and the hyoid bone. Strengthened anteriorly and laterally

Question 18

Hyoepiglottic ligament

Answer 18

connects the hyoid bone to the lower part of the epiglottis

Question 19

Cricothyroid ligament

Answer 19

between the thyroid above and the cricoid below, the preferred site for cricothyrotomy

Question 20

Cricotracheal ligament

Answer 20

connects the cricoid to the first ring of the trachea

Question 21

Extrinsic Laryngeal muscles

Answer 21

1- Sternothyroid
2- Thyrohyoid
3- Inferior constrictor

Question 22

Intrinsic laryngeal muscles (9 muscles)

Answer 22

1- Posterior crico-arytenoid
2- Lateral crico-arytenoid
3- Interarytenoid (unpaired)
4- Thyro-arytenoid
5- Vocalis
6- Cricothyroid

Question 23

Sternothyroid

Answer 23

Extrinsic
depresses the larynx, connects the posterior manubrium sterni to the lateral thyroid lamina

Question 24

Thyrohyoid

Answer 24

Extrinsic
elevates the larynx, connects the lateral thyroid lamina to the inferior greater horn of the hyoid bone

Question 25

Inferior constrictor

Answer 25

Extrinsic constricts the pharynx, origins from the thyroid lamina, the tendinous arch over the cricothyroid and the side of the pharynx

Question 26

Posterior crico-arytenoid

Answer 26

Intrinsic opens the glottis by the abducting cords

Question 27

Lateral crico-arytenoid

Answer 27

Intrinsic closes the glottis by the adducting cords

Question 28

Interarytenoid

Answer 28

Intrinsic Unpaired closes the glottis (especially posteriorly) by connecting the arytenoids. Some fibres become the aryepiglottic muscle laterally, which constricts the laryngeal inlet somewhat

Question 29

Thyro-arytenoid

Answer 29

Intrinsic relaxes the cords by shortening, thus pulling the arytenoids anteriorly

Question 30

Vocalis

Answer 30

Intrinsic fine adjustment of vocal cord tension (fibres come from the thyro-arytenoid)

Question 31

Cricothyroid

Answer 31

Intrinsic only true tensor and the only muscle that lies outside the cartilages. It works by tilting the cricoid and putting stretch on the vocal cords

Question 32

Laryngeal arteries

Answer 32

-Superior laryngeal (from superior thyroid artery) – accompanies the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve -Inferior laryngeal (from inferior thyroid artery) – accompanies the recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 33

Laryngeal veins

Answer 33

into the corresponding superior and inferior thyroid veins

Question 34

Laryngeal nerves

Answer 34

Branches of vagus (X) nerve: -Superior laryngeal nerve * External branch (small) * Internal branch (larger) -Recurrent (inferior) laryngeal nerve

Question 35

Laryngeal nerve injury

Answer 35

.