Larynx

Question 1

What type of cartilage is the larynx composed of?

Answer 1

Hyaline

Question 2

What joint type exists between sections of larynx?

Answer 2

Synovial plane

Question 3

Which muscles attach to the larynx?

Answer 3

Sternothyroid

Thyrohyoid

Question 4

What is the largest cartilage of the larynx and what structure does it form??

Answer 4

Thyroid

Laryngeal prominence

Question 5

What attaches the thyroid to the hyoid one?

What is the point of this?

Answer 5

Thyrohyoid membrane

Ensure muscles raising hyoid will also raise larynx

Question 6

What articulates with the thyroid cartilage inferiorly

Answer 6

Cricoid cartilage

Question 7

Sternothyroid, thyrohyoid and inferior constrictor attach to what part of thyroid?

Answer 7

Oblique line

Question 8

The cricoid is thicker anteriorly. True or false?

Answer 8

False.

Thin anteriorly, signet posteriorly

Question 9

What is the cricoid cartilage an attachment site for?

Answer 9

Intrinsic muscles of larynx e.g cricoarytenoids

Question 10

What attaches the trachea and cricoid?

Answer 10

Cricotracheal ligament

Question 11

What are the arytenoid cartilages?

Answer 11

They articulate with cricoid and move the vocal folds

Each has a muscular attachment = post and lat cricothyroid muscles

And a vocal process

Question 12

What are the corniculate and cuneiform cartilages?

Answer 12

Tiny bits of cartilage that attach and support aryepiglottic folds

Question 13

What type of cartilage epiglottis is the composed of?

Answer 13

elastic

Question 14

Which muscles move the larynx?

Answer 14

None

it passively bends over the opening of the larynx

Question 15

what is the function of the epiglottis?

Answer 15

Protects the opening of the airway

Question 16

Describe the quadrangular ligament

Answer 16

Between arytenoid and epiglottis

The lower free edge is the false vocal fold

Upper border = aryepiglottic fold

Question 17

What forms the true vocal fold?

Answer 17

Cricothyroid membrane

Question 18

What is the rima glottidis?

Answer 18

Most posterior place between the vocal folds

Question 19

List the extrinsic muscles of the larynx

Answer 19

Supra and infra hyoid muscles

Digastric
Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid

Stylopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus

Question 20

List the intrinsic muscles of the larynx

Answer 20

Cricothyroid
Thyroarytenoid
Posterior/lateral/oblique/transverse cricoarytenoid

Question 21

What is the action of the oblique arytenoids?

Answer 21

Pulls cartilages together i.e. folds together

Forming and incomplete sphincter around laryngeal inlet

Question 22

What is the action of cricothyroid muscle?

Answer 22

Tenses and elongates vocal folds = increases tension = increased pitch

Question 23

Which intrinsic muscle of the larynx is the odd one out and why?

Answer 23

Cricothyroid

Situated anteriorly and innervated by external laryngeal branch of vagus

Question 24

What is the innervation of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

Answer 24

Recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus except cricothyroid

Question 25

What is the action of Thyroarytenoid?

Answer 25

Opposite of cricothyroid Acts to pull arytenoids forwards to thyroid, shortening the folds and decreasing tension = decreased pitch

Question 26

What is the action of posterior cricoarytenoid?

Answer 26

Rotates vocal process laterally Abducting vocal cords

Question 27

What is the action of lateral cricoarytenoid?

Answer 27

Rotates vocal process medially adducts vocal folds and closes airway

Question 28

What is the action of transverse arytenoid?

Answer 28

Closes rima glottidis

Question 29

What is external laryngeal a branch of?

Answer 29

Superior laryngeal (X)

Question 30

Route of recurrent laryngeal

Answer 30

Ascends neck between trachea and oesophagus then passes under inferior constrictor of pharynx into larynx

Question 31

Describe the blood supply to the larynx?

Answer 31

``` o Inferior thyroid - From thyrocervical trunk of subclavian o Superior thyroid - From external carotid o Superior laryngeal - From superior thyroid o Inferior laryngeal - From inferior thyroid ```

Question 32

Where does the superior thyroid vein drain

Answer 32

Internal jugular

Question 33

Where does the inferior thyroid vein drain?

Answer 33

Left brachiocephalic

Question 34

Where does lymph from the larynx drain

Answer 34

paratracheal then deep cervical nodes