Larynx anatomy

Question 1

In what fascia is the larynx located?

Answer 1

Pretracheal fascia, anteriorly

Question 2

What sits beside the pre tracheal fascia?

Answer 2

Carotid sheaths

Question 3

What are the four strap muscles in the visceral layer of the pre tracheal fascia?

Answer 3

Sternohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid
Omohyoid

Question 4

At what vertebral levels is the larynx found?

Answer 4

C4-C6

Question 5

Between what two structures is the laryngopharynx found?

Answer 5

Epiglottis to the oesophagus

Question 6

What is the vertebra prominens?

Answer 6

C7, first palpable cervical vertebrae

Question 7

At what level does the larynx become the trachea?

Answer 7

C6

Question 8

Which nasal wall is most featured?

Answer 8

Lateral

Question 9

What is the trachea made of?

Answer 9

Hyaline cartilage

Question 10

What is the muscle at the posterior trachea called?

Answer 10

Trachealis

Question 11

What is superior:

Thyroid cartilage or cricoid cartilage?

Answer 11

Thyroid

Question 12

What cartilage does the vocal cords attach to posteriorly?

Answer 12

Aretynoid cartilage

Question 13

What is the laryngeal prominence also called?

Answer 13

Adams apple

Question 14

What do the vocal cords attach to anteriorly?

Answer 14

Thyroid cartilage

Question 15

What is the rima glottidis?

Answer 15

Opening of the vocal cords

Question 16

Where is the vallecula?

Answer 16

Depression between the tongue and epiglottis

Question 17

What type of mucosa is the larynx lined with?

Answer 17

Respiratory epithelium

Question 18

What kind of cells line the vocal cords?

Answer 18

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 19

What nerve supplies sensory innervation above the vocal cord?

Answer 19

Laryngeal branch of CNX

Question 20

What nerve supplies the sensory innervation to the vocal fold and inferior?

Answer 20

Recurrent laryngeal branch of CNX

Question 21

What nerve supplies the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

Answer 21

Vagus nerve CNX

Question 22

Which muscle causes the vocal cords to tense?

Answer 22

Cricothyroid

Question 23

Which muscle relaxes the vocal cords?

Answer 23

Thyro-arytenoid muscles

Question 24

How does the thyro-arytenoid muscle relax the vocal cords?

Answer 24

Pulls the arytenoid cartilage posteriorly toward the thyroid cartilage anteriorly

Question 25

What is the muscle called between the thyro-arytenoid and the vocal cords?

Answer 25

Vocalis muscle

Question 26

Which muscle adducts the vocal cords?

Answer 26

Lateral crico-arytenoid

Question 27

How are the vocal cords adducted?

Answer 27

Aretynoid cartilages are rotated so that the vocal processes join medially

Question 28

How are the arytenoid muscles related to the rima glottidis?

Answer 28

Rima glottidis is closed when arytenoid muscles contract.

Question 29

What muscle helps to abduct the vocal cords?

Answer 29

Posterior crico-aretynoid

Question 30

How does the rima glottidis change when whispering? | What muscle causes this change?

Answer 30

Minimally open | Lateral crico-arytenoid

Question 31

How is the vagus nerve tested clinically?

Answer 31

Normal cough No hoarseness Normal swallow reflex

Question 32

What is in the carotid sheath?

Answer 32

Internal jugular vein Common carotid artery Deep cervical nodes Vagus nerve