Larynx: Cartilage, Ligaments, Membranes

Question 1

Biologic Functions of the Larynx:
1.
2.
3.

Answer 1

1. Prevent air from escaping
2. Prevent objects from entering airway
3. Expel threatening objects from larynx and airway

Question 2

Non-Biologic Function of the Larynx:

1.

Answer 2

1. Sound generator

Question 3

Hyoid Bone Landmarks:
1.
2.
3.

Answer 3

1. Body/Corpus
2. Greater Cornua
3. Lesser Cornua

Question 4

Hyoid Bone Shape:

Answer 4

Letter “U” shaped floating structure

Question 5

Hyoid bone moves ____1____, which causes _____2_____ and is important for ____3____.

Answer 5

1. up and down
2. changes to voice quality
3. safe swallowing.

Question 6

Hyoid bone is point of attachment for ___________.

Answer 6

At least 6 muscles

Question 7

Thyroid Cartilage Landmarks: 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6.

Answer 7

1. Superior Cornua
2. Inferior Cornua
3. Oblique Line
4. Thyroid Angle- where left and right lamina meet
5. Lamina- large sections of thyroid cartilage
6. Thyroid Notch- dip between two lamina, above thyroid angle

Question 8

Thyroid Cartilage Shape:

Answer 8

Shield-Like, largest cartilage in Larynx

Question 9

Cricoid Cartilage Landmarks: 
1.
2.
3.
4.

Answer 9

1. Anterior Arch- curved front portion
2. Lamina- two”plate-like” sides
3. Facets- four places of attachment, 2 on superior surface for arytenoids and 2 on lateral surface for thyroid
4. Posterior Quadrate Lamina

Question 10

Cricoid Cartilage Shape:

Answer 10

Signet shaped “class ring”

Question 11

Cricoid Cartilage Location:

Answer 11

Most inferior cartilage of larynx, below thyroid cartilage and superior to trachea

Question 12

Arytenoid Cartilage Landmarks: 
1.
2.
3.
4.

Answer 12

1. Apex
2. Base
3. Processes- two muscular and two vocal processes
4. Three surfaces, pyramid-shaped

Question 13

Arytenoid Cartilage Shape:

Answer 13

Pyramid-like

Question 14

Arytenoid Cartilage Location:

Answer 14

Sits on surface of Cricoid Cartilage

Question 15

Corniculate Cartilage Location:

Answer 15

One on the apex of each Arytenoid

Question 16

Epiglottis Location:

Answer 16

Attaches to inner thyroid at the thyroid angle

Question 17

Epiglottis Shape:

Answer 17

Large, Leaf-Like piece of cartilage

Question 18

Epiglottis Function:

Answer 18

As larynx elevates in neck, epiglottis flips down to channel food into esophagus.

Question 19

Cuneiform Cartilage Location:

Answer 19

Two cuneiform cartilages located in Aryepiglottic fold

Question 20

Aryepiglottic Fold:

Answer 20

Fold of tissues running from arytenoids to epiglottis

Question 21

Laryngeal Joints:
1.
2.

Answer 21

1. Cricoarytenoid Joint

2. Cricothyroid Joint

Question 22

Cricoarytenoid Joint Movements:
1.
2.
3.

Answer 22

1. Rocking, in and out
2. Gliding, together and apart
3. Rotation (slight)

Question 23

Cricoarytenoid Joint Functions:
1.
2.
3.

Answer 23

1. Adduction and Abduction of vocal folds
2. Changes the length of vocal folds
3. Improves sound quality

Question 24

Cricothyroid Joint Movements:
1.
2.

Answer 24

1. Rotation, of thyroid up and down

2. Gliding, ant and post of horn

Question 25

Cricothyroid Joint Functions: 1. 2.

Answer 25

1. Stretching and shortening of vocal folds | 2. Affects pitch (frequency)

Question 26

``` Extrinsic Laryngeal Membranes and Ligaments: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ```

Answer 26

1. Thyrohyoid membrane 2. Middle Thyrohyoid Ligament 3. Lateral Thyrohyoid Ligament 4. Hyoepiglottic Ligament 5. Cricotracheal Ligament

Question 27

Extrinsic Layrngeal Membrane and Ligaments Function:

Answer 27

1. Connect larynx to adjacent structures

Question 28

Thyrohyoid Membrane Location:

Answer 28

Occupies space between the hyoid bone and superior border of thyroid cartilage

Question 29

Middle Thyrohyoid Ligament Location:

Answer 29

Between corpus and thyroid notch

Question 30

Lateral Thyrohyoid Ligament Location:

Answer 30

Between greater horns of hyoid and superior horns of thyroid cartilage

Question 31

Hyoepiglottic Ligament:

Answer 31

Attaches hyoid to epiglottis

Question 32

Cricotracheal Ligament:

Answer 32

Attaches cricoid cartilage to trachea, wraps around circularly

Question 33

``` Intrinsic Laryngeal Membranes and Ligaments: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ```

Answer 33

1. Conus Elasticus 2. Medial Cricothyroid Ligament 3. Lateral Cricothyroid Membranes (vocal ligaments) 4. . Quadrangular Membranes 5. Ventricular/Vestibular Folds (ventricular ligaments) 6. Aryepiglottic Folds

Question 34

Superior vs Inferior Intrinsic Laryngeal Membranes and Ligaments: 1. Superior: 2. Inferior:

Answer 34

1. Superior: Quadrangular Membranes | 2. Conus Elasticus

Question 35

Conus Elasticus Location: 1. Connects: 2. Runs from:

Answer 35

1. Connects inner surface of cricoid with arytenoids and thyroid cartilages. 2. Runs from cricoid arch to true vocal folds

Question 36

Conus Elasticus Composed of: 1. 2.

Answer 36

1. Medial Cricothyroid Ligament | 2. Lateral Cricothyroid Membranes (Vocal Ligaments)

Question 37

Quadrangular Membranes Location (connects):

Answer 37

Margins from lateral side of epiglottis, angle of thyroid cartilage, apex and medial surfaces of arytenoids.

Question 38

Quadrangular Membrane Composed of: 1. 2.

Answer 38

1. Ventricular Ligaments/Vestibular Folds (False vocal folds) (inferiorly) 2. Aryepiglottic folds (superiorly)

Question 39

Ventricular Folds aka ____1____ and are formed from the ____2_____.

Answer 39

1. False Vocal Folds | 2. Ventricular Ligament

Question 40

Borders of Larynx: 1. Superior: 2. Inferior:

Answer 40

1. Superior: Aditus Laryngis (entrance to larynx) | 2. Inferior: cricoid cartilage

Question 41

``` Larynx Spaces: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ```

Answer 41

1. Glottis 2. Supraglottal 3. Vestibule 4. Ventricle 5. False Glottis 6. Subglottal

Question 42

Borders of Aditus Laryngis: 1. Anterior: 2. Posterior: 3. Lateral:

Answer 42

1. Anterior: Epiglottis 2. Lateral: Aryepiglottic Folds 3. Posterior: Apex of Arytenoids

Question 43

Glottis Location:

Answer 43

Space between true vocal folds

Question 44

Two parts of Glottis: 1. 2.

Answer 44

1. Membraneous: space between membraneous part of vocal folds 2. Cartilaginous: space between arytenoids

Question 45

Supraglottal Location:

Answer 45

Space between Aditus Laryngis and Glottis

Question 46

Supraglottal Spaces: 1. 2. 3.

Answer 46

1. Vestibule: region between Aditus Laryngis and ventricular ligaments (false vocal folds) 2. Ventricle: space between false vocal folds and true vocal folds 3. False Glottis: Space between false vocal folds

Question 47

Subglottal Location:

Answer 47

Space below Glottis to inferior border of larynx

Question 48

True Vocal Folds 1. Orgin: 2. Insertion: 3. Course:

Answer 48

1. Origin: inner thyroid cartilage at angle 2. Insertion: Arytenoid Cartilages 3. Course: Posterior

Question 49

True Vocal Folds Composed of ___________.

Answer 49

5 Layers of Tissue

Question 50

``` True Vocal Folds Layers, Superficial to Deep 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ```

Answer 50

1. Epithelium 2. Superficial Lamina Propria 3. Intermediate Lamina Propria 4. Deep Lamina Propria 5. Thyroarytenoid Muscle

Question 51

True Vocal Folds Layers: Covers 1. 2.

Answer 51

1. Epithelium | 2. Superficial Lamina Propria

Question 52

True Vocal Folds Layers: Comprise the Vocal Ligament: 1. 2.

Answer 52

1. Intermediate Lamina Propria | 2. Deep Lamina Propria

Question 53

True Vocal Fold Layers: Thyroarytenoid Muscle Composition: 1. 2.

Answer 53

1. Thyrovocalis Muscle (medial, closest to glottis) | 2. Thyromuscularis Muscle: Lateral