LAST EVER NURSING SCHOOL EXAMMM

Question 1

Who was Diane ustal?

Answer 1

first nurse leader to describe the role of values clarification

Question 2

Infants and morals?

Answer 2

-have no concept of right and wrong
-if need for trust is met, they will develop foundation for secure moral thought

Question 3

Toddlers and morals?

Answer 3

-good behavior is rewarded and bad is punished
-begin to make choices based off of good and bad understanding

Question 4

What are values that nurses need to have for moral development?

Answer 4

altruism, autonomy, human dignity, and social justice

Question 5

What is rights of consience?

Answer 5

As a matter of the civil rights afforded to all members of United States society, health care professionals have been afforded rights of conscience to practice their own convictions about what is right and ethical care. Rights of conscience have been brought in to focus primarily over the debate on abortion and euthanasia

Question 6

What is ethical theory?

Answer 6

a system of principles by which a person can determine what ought and ought not to be done

Question 7

What is the RNs role in delegation?

Answer 7

patient assessment and knowing level of care required

Question 8

What does the ANA standard say about RNs delegating?

Answer 8

Consider:
Assessment of the patient’s condition
Capabilities of the nursing and assistive staff
Complexity of the task to be delegated
Amount of clinical oversight (supervision) the RN will be able to provide
Staff workload

Question 9

Criteria for delegation?

Answer 9

1. Low potential for harm
2. The activity has minimal complexity
3. Problem solving/innovation involved is minimal
4. Outcome is highly predictable
5. Patient has ample opportunity to interact with RN
6. RN is available to supervise activity and its outcome

Question 10

What are activities the rn CANNOT delegate?

Answer 10

-Initial and any subsequent assessment that requires nursing knowledge, judgment, and skill
-Determination of nursing diagnoses
-Establishment of nursing care goals
-Development of nursing plan of care
-Evaluation of patient’s progress
-Health counseling or teaching
-Activities that require specialized nursing knowledge, skill, or judgment

Question 11

5 rights of delegation?

Answer 11

-right task
-right circumstance
-person
-direction/communication
-supervision and eval

Question 12

What should RNs consider when making assignments?

Answer 12

-patient’s physiologic status and complexity of care
-infection control or cross-contamination issues
-level of supervision required
-staff development opportunities such as assigning a less experienced nurse to a more complex patient with an increased level of supervision

Question 13

What are ways to develop safe delegation practicies?

Answer 13

-Develop a foundation of knowledge (i.e., nurse practice act, policies, standards of care, competencies, etc…)
-Know the patient
-Know the staff member and his/her skills & competencies
-Know the task
-Explain tasks and expected outcomes
-Expect responsible action
-Assess and supervise
-Evaluate and follow-up

Question 14

What is local health policy and examples?

Answer 14

Free or reduced-rate immunizations
Tobacco-free public buildings
Safe drinking water
Provision of an emergency medical system

Question 15

State health policy and examples?

Answer 15

Governs nursing through nurse practice act
Ensures safe food storage and preparation in restaurants
Regulates healthcare facilities
Pays for healthcare services through Medicaid

Question 16

Federal health policy examples?

Answer 16

Funds health-related research
Funds education for health professionals, including nurses and physicians
Pays for health care through Medicare, Medicaid, SCHIP, and the Veterans Administration health care system
Plays a monumental role in shaping nursing practice
Passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) (2010)

Question 17

What is functional nursing?

Answer 17

Staff members are assigned to complete certain tasks for a group of patients rather than care for specific patients

Question 18

What is team nursing?

Answer 18

RN functions as a team leader and coordinates care for a small group of patients

Question 19

What is modular nursing?

Answer 19

Patient unit divided into modules; same team of caregivers assigned consistently to same geographic location
Each location or module has RN as team leader
Goal is to increase the involvement of the RN in planning and coordinating care

Question 20

What is primary nursing?

Answer 20

RN “primary” nurse assumes 24-hour responsibility for planning, directing, and evaluating the patient’s care from admission through discharge

Question 21

What is the partnership model?

Answer 21

RN is partnered with an LPN/LVN or a nursing assistant; pair work together consistently

Question 22

What is the variance?

Answer 22

difference between planned budget and actual results

Question 23

What is a capital budget?

Answer 23

Funds allocated for construction projects and major equipment
Capital: funds used to purchase long-term investments
Capital assets are treated differently from the operating budget expense because of their multiyear value

Question 24

What is incremental budgeting?

Answer 24

Primary strength is its simplicity
It is relatively easy to take current revenues or expenses and assume a small inflationary or growth factor

Question 25

What is zero-based budgeting?

Answer 25

Builds a budget from the assumption of no volume and no resources allocated; it is developed as though the budget were being prepared for the first time

Question 26

What is service unit or unit of service cost?

Answer 26

basic measure of the product or service being produced

Question 27

What is the direct cost?

Answer 27

traced directly to production of the unit-of-service

Question 28

What is indirect cost or overhead?

Answer 28

ncurred as a result of the organization’s operating expenses but not directly related to providing the unit-of-service

Question 29

What is full cost?

Answer 29

total of all costs associated with a unit-of-service and includes direct and indirect costs

Question 30

What is fixed cost?

Answer 30

do not change as unit-of-service volume changes

Question 31

What is variable cost?

Answer 31

vary directly with changes in volume of units of service

Question 32

What is negligence?

Answer 32

failure to act in a reasonable and prudent manner

Question 33

What reporting is mandated?

Answer 33

Infant and child abuse Dependent elder abuse Specified communicable diseases

Question 34

When was nurse practice act and registration of nurses completed by?

Answer 34

1910

Question 35

What and when was the Sheppard-Towner act?

Answer 35

First policy to fund prenatal and child health services by public health nurses 1921

Question 36

What and when was Hill-Burton act?

Answer 36

Provided federal funding for hospital construction which caused boom in construction and jobs 1950

Question 37

What and when was Medicare program?

Answer 37

Provided funding for medical services for older adults and the disabled- led to increased number of hospitalizations and increase need for nurses 1965

Question 38

What and when was renal disease program?

Answer 38

Provided funding for dialysis treatment and renal transplantation for individuals with kidney failure- led to development of nephrology nursing 1972

Question 39

What and when was diagnose-related groups (DRGs)

Answer 39

Changed medicare reimbursement from fee-for-service method to fixed-fee method- forced hospitals to reduce patient length of stays, cut costs, reduce staff- led to case management 1972

Question 40

What and when was the patient protection and affordable care act?

Answer 40

Affordable Care Act- comprehensive health care reform legislation providing health insurance program to secure quality health insurance at reasonable rates 2010

Question 41

Executive branch?

Answer 41

prez and department heads

Question 42

Legislative branch?

Answer 42

senate and house of reps

Question 43

Judicial brancg?

Answer 43

supreme court and other courts

Question 44

Examples of bioethical dilemmas?

Answer 44

Abortion; Reproduction issues: genetic screening, and cloning; Human Genome Project Euthanasia and assisted suicide Right to health care; Allocation of scarce resources

Question 45

Steps in the ethical decision-making model?

Answer 45

Identify the ethical issues and problems Identify and analyze available alternatives for action Select one alternative Justify the selection

Question 46

Bioethical dilemma definition?

Answer 46

Dilemmas that pose a choice between perplexing alternatives in the delivery of health care because of the lack of a clear sense of right or wrong

Question 47

Federal false claims act?

Answer 47

makes it an offense to submit a false claim to the government for payment of health care services

Question 48

What and when was patient self-determination act?

Answer 48

o ensure that a patient's right to self-determination in health care decisions be communicated and protected.

Question 49

When was HIPAA established?

Answer 49

1996

Question 50

What was utter vs hospital center and when?

Answer 50

Casted arm had s/sx of compartment syndrome, nurse failed to activate chain of command------> arm had to be amputated--- established affirmative duty (the duty to prevent harm). 1977

Question 51

What does civil law deal with?

Answer 51

torts

Question 52

What is res ipsa loquitur?

Answer 52

when the negligent act clearly lies within the range of a jury’s common knowledge and experience to determine the standard of care

Question 53

Reasons for malpractice insurance?

Answer 53

Some employers may fail to initiate an adequate defense for nurses. Insurance coverage limits that are lower than the actual judgement made against the nurse in a lawsuit.

Question 54

What is total patient care model?

Answer 54

Nurse is responsible for planning, organizing, and performing all patient care during the assigned shift common in ICU and PACU