Last fucking quiz

Question 1

The rate of diffusion of each gas is directly proportional to the pressure caused by that gas alone—this is referred to as the _________ ________ of each gas.

Answer 1

partial pressure

Question 2

When the partial pressure of one gas is greater in one area than in another area, there will be ______ ________ from the area of higher pressure to the area of lower pressure.

Answer 2

net diffusion

Question 3

O2 is constantly diffusing _____ of the alveoli into the blood of the pulmonary capillaries.

Answer 3

out

Question 4

CO2 is constantly diffusing _____ the alveoli from the blood in the pulmonary capillaries.

Answer 4

into

Question 5

Respiratory Unit (also called _______ _____) is composed of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs.

Answer 5

respiratory lobule

Question 6

4 Factors that Affect Rate of Gas Diffusion are
1.Thickness of the respiratory membrane. If thickness ______, rate of diffusion decreases

2. _____ _____ of the respiratory membrane.
3. Diffusion coeffiecient.
4. _______ difference. The partial pressure differences of the gases between the alveoli and the capillary blood

Answer 6

increases

Surface area

Pressure

Question 7

The other 2% of the blood supplied the deep tissues of the lungs—this is called “_____ _____” meaning that it the blood was shunted past the gas exchange area.

Answer 7

shunt flow

Question 8

as PO2 increases, more O2 binds to Hb. This is called the ________ ________ __ ________ .

Answer 8

percent saturation of hemoglobin

Question 9

usual oxygen saturation of systemic arterial blood averages ___%.

Answer 9

97

Question 10

saturation of hemoglobin averaging ___%

Answer 10

75

Question 11

A shift to the right and downward as a result of increased H+ or increased CO2 is called the _____ _______.

Answer 11

Bohr Effect

Question 12

The volume of alveolar air replaced with each breath is ____ of total atmospheric air, so it requires multiple breaths to replace the majority of alveolar air.

Answer 12

1/7

Question 13

CO2 is continually being made in the body, transported to the lungs, and excreted via _______ (expiration).

Answer 13

ventilation

Question 14

During moderate exercise, when CO2 production is increased, to maintain the PCO2 at 40 mmHg, alveolar ventilation must increase more than ____ -____(from 5L to ___ L/min).

Answer 14

three-fold

15

Question 15

There are about _____ million alveoli in the two lungs.

Answer 15

300

Question 16

Gas exchange membranes as seen in the alveoli are referred to as the _______ membranes or ________ membranes.

Answer 16

respiratory

pulmonary

Question 17

The average thickness of a RBC is __ micrometers, so the RBCs must squeeze through the small diameter capillaries. As a result, the RBC membrane touches the _______ wall making it easy for O2 and CO2 to diffuse across these membranes.

Answer 17

5

capillary

Question 18

the _____ ______of the respiratory membrane is large and contains a small amount of blood and this also contributes to an increased rate of gas exchange

Answer 18

surface area

Question 19

About ____% of the blood that enters the left atrium from the lungs passes through the pulmonary capillaries and becomes oxygenated with a PO2 of 104 mmHg.

Answer 19

98

Question 20

as the blood moves through the pulmonary capillary from the arterial end to the venous end, PCO2 falls to ______ the PCO2 in the alveolus

Answer 20

equal

Question 21

There is only 1 mmHg difference between the 46 mmHg in the _________ and the 45 mmHg in the interstitial fluid.

Answer 21

intracellular

Question 22

One major difference between O2 and CO2 diffusion is that CO2 can diffuse ____ times faster than O2 so the pressure differences do not need to be as great.

Answer 22

20

Question 23

Only __ to __ mmHg pressure difference is needed for diffusion to effectively occur in the tissue

Answer 23

1 to 3

Question 24

Under normal conditions, about 97% of the O2 transported from the lungs to the _______ tissues is carried in a chemical bond with Hb. The remaining 3% of O2 is transported in a dissolved state in the water of the _______.

Answer 24

peripheral

plasma

Question 25

The O2 molecule binds loosely and reversibly with the _______ portion of the Hb molecule.

Answer 25

heme

Question 26

When PO2 is high (as in the pulmonary capillaries), O2 _____ with Hb but when PO2 is low (as in the peripheral tissues), O2 is ______ from the Hb.

Answer 26

binds

released

Question 27

shift to the right forces O2 ______ from the Hb and into the cells—delivering _____ O2 to the tissues that need it.

Answer 27

away

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