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Flashcards in Last lecture Deck (29)
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1
Q

Can CNS drug targeting be viewed as advanced drug delivery?

A

Yes; needs to pass BBB

2
Q

What are categories of nanoparticulate systems?

A
  • nanocapsule (encapsulated drug, reservoir)

- nanospheres (drug-polymer matrix)

3
Q

T/F; Polymeric nanoparticles can only carry low MW substances.

A

False

  • can deliver both low and high MW substances
  • ex. genes, proteins
4
Q

What are the advantages of nanoparticles?

A
  • increased bioavailability
  • protection from degradation
  • specific targets
5
Q

characteristics of tumor vasculature

A
  • heterogeneous distribution
  • larger in size
  • high vascular density
  • more permeable
  • more leaky
6
Q

What factor allows retention of NP in solid tumors?

A
  • high vasculature

- production of vascular mediators

7
Q

F

A
  • bioavailability

- dose / AUC

8
Q

How can you actively target a tumor?

A
  • ligand-receptor

- antibody-antigen

9
Q

How are NPs utilized in targeting cancer cells?

A

NP conjugated with tissue or cell-specific ligand

10
Q

examples of ligands

A
  • lectins
  • carbohydrates
  • transferrin
  • folate
11
Q

passive targeting

A

delivering drug at local site

12
Q

What are vectors?

A

gene carrier used in gene therapy

13
Q

Steps in gene therapy

A
  • genetic material packaged in vector to be transferred
  • vector enters cytoplasm
  • gene from vector to nucleus
  • gene integrated into cellular DNA (if need be)
  • gene expressed
14
Q

What are the categories used in gene therapy?

A
  • viral

- non-viral

15
Q

viral vectors

A
  • part of viral genome replaced by therapeutic gene

- this gene taken up by target cells and expressed

16
Q

examples that viral vectors were used for

A
  • retrovirus
  • adenovirus
  • adeno-associated virus
  • herpes simplex virus (HSV)
17
Q

risks of viral vectors

A
  • inflammation

- cellular / humoral immune response

18
Q

What are the components of a non-viral vector?

A
  • therapeutic gene
  • gene expression system
  • gene delivery system
19
Q

plasmid-based vectors

A

non-viral

20
Q

size of plasmid DNA

A
  • huge polyanion

- 100-200 nm

21
Q

Plasmid potency can be reduced by which factors?

A
  • chemical instability
  • enzymatic instability
  • colloidal instability
  • sequestered by immune system
  • uptake / adsorption of non-target cells
22
Q

What are the most commonly used synthetic gene carrier?

A
  • cationic polymers

- lipids

23
Q

What are advantages of using cationic polymers / lipids as a gene carrier?

A

they condense plasmids into small particles and protect them from degradation

24
Q

Lipid-based gene delivery

A
  • low efficiency
  • pH sensitive
  • fusogenic at acidic pH
  • facilitate release of plasmid in endosome
25
Q

Peptide-based gene delivery

A

linked macromolecules complexed into plasmids via electrostatic interaction

26
Q

Polymer-based gene delivery

A
  • made to interact at a more cellular / protein level

- high specificity

27
Q

ideal features of gene delivery system

A
  • reach appropriate cellular target
  • penetrate into target cells
  • gene integrate with cell’s DNA
  • avoid destruction by body
28
Q

ex-vivo

A
  • take cells out of body
  • cells treated in lab
  • cell inserted back in body
29
Q

in-vivo

A
  • administration of vector in body

- low integration / efficacy