Last lecture

Question 1

Diencephalon

• composed of
• function

Answer 1

• thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

- act as a primary relay and processing center for sensory info and autonomic control

Question 2

Interthalamic adhesion

Answer 2

Connection between thalamus

Question 3

Pineal gland

Answer 3

• diencephalon

- control of sexual maturation

Question 4

Thalamus

• function
• name of the nuclei

Answer 4

• plays a key role in motor control
• anterior, medial, ventral, lateral, posterior

ALESSIA MAKES VERY LITTLE PANCAKES

Question 5

Thalamus nuclei

-characteristics of anterior, medial and ventral

Answer 5

anterior –> part of the limbic system

medial –> awareness of emotions

ventral –> somesthetic output to the postcentral gyrus

Question 6

Thalamus nuclei

-characteristics of lateral and posterior

Answer 6

lateral –> somesthetic output to association areas of the cortex, limbic system

posterior –> visual and auditory functions

Question 7

Hypothalamus

-functions (3)

Answer 7

• regulation of all body functions: thermoregulation, emotions, biological clock
• major control center of autonomic nervous system and endocrine system
• produce hormones which are stores in the pituitary: oxytocin and ADH

Question 8

Frontal lobe

-gyrus and sulci (6)

Answer 8

• superior gyrus, middle gyrus and inferior gyrus
• superior and inferior sulci
• precentral gyrus
• precentral sulcus
• orbital and straight gyri
• sulcus olfactorius

Question 9

Parietal lobe

-gyrus and sulci (4)

Answer 9

• superior parietal lobule
• inferior parietal lobule
• sulcus intraperitalis (biggest)
• post- central gyrus (gets all the sensations coming to our brain

Question 10

Operculum

Answer 10

• in the parietal lobe

- one possible location of taste centers

Question 11

Occipital lobe

-gyrus and sulci

Answer 11

-Cuneus gyrus –> between the sulcus calcarinus and the parietal sulcus

Question 12

Temporal lobe

-gyrus and sulci (2)

Answer 12

• superior, inferior and middle gyri

- superior and inferior sulcus separates the gyri

Question 13

Limbic lobe

-gyrus and sulci

Answer 13

• Cingulate gyrus –> around corpus callosum

- Parahyppocampalis –> role in memory encoding

Question 14

Meninges

-names and characteristics

Answer 14

Pia matter –> closest to the brain and spinal cord
Dura matter –> furthest and strongest
Arachnoid matter –> lots of fibers

Question 15

Meninges

-spaces between them

Answer 15

• Sub- arachnoid space –> between arachnoid and pia, contains CSF
• Epidural space –> around the dura matter, ONLY IN THE SPINAL CORD
• Sub- dural space –> between arachnoid and dura

Question 16

Mammillary body

Answer 16

Relay signals from the limbic system to the thalamus

Question 17

3 places where there are gray matter in the cerebrum

Answer 17

• Limbic system
• Basal nuclei
• Cerebral cortex

Question 18

Name the lobes of the brain

Answer 18

Frontal 
Parietal 
Occipital 
Temporal 
Limbic 
Insula

Question 19

3 important sulci that everybody has

Answer 19

Central: separates frontal from parietal
Lateral: separates temporal from frontal and parietal
Parietal- occipital: separates parietal from occipital

Question 20

Hippocampus

Answer 20

one of the oldest areas of the brain, around the fornix

Question 21

Fornix

Answer 21

gray and white matter around the corpus calleosum

Question 22

Broca area

Answer 22

• only in the frontal lobe

- association motor speech center

Question 23

Warnicke area

Answer 23

• speech sensory center

- only in the parietal lobe

Question 24

Association areas

-two types

Answer 24

Motor –> complex movements. Ex: speech

Sensory –> evaluate and understand sensations

Question 25

Primary Somesthetic area - location - characteristics

Answer 25

- post-central gyrus | - primary sensory area

Question 26

Homunculus

Answer 26

the more receptors, the bigger the area it occupies in the gyrus

Question 27

Primary motor area | -location

Answer 27

-pre- central gyrus

Question 28

Basal nuclei

Answer 28

-motor control -aggergations of gray matter inside the hemispheres -

Question 29

Basal nuclei | -names and characteristics

Answer 29

- Lentiform: part of putamen, autonomic involuntary movements - Caudate; head, body and tail, autonomic involuntary movements - Amygdala: part of the limbic system - Claustrum: part of the limbic system

Question 30

Right and Left hemispheres | -what each side is responsible for

Answer 30

Right: musical ability, recognition of faces, nonverbal thought Left: verbal memory, speech, rational

Question 31

Important sinuses in the brain

Answer 31

``` Superior Transverse Sigmoid Inferior sagittal Straight ```

Question 32

Which sinuses do not leave impression on the bone?

Answer 32

Inferior sagittal and straight

Question 33

Falx cerebri

Answer 33

Folds of dura matter separating the two hemispheres

Question 34

Cisterns - definition - names

Answer 34

- areas where there are large accumulations of spinal fluid | - interpeduncular and cerebelomedullary

Question 35

Interpeduncular cistern

Answer 35

Encloses the cerebral peduncles

Question 36

Cerebelomedullary cistern

Answer 36

Between the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata