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PSYC 101 > last midterm 1 to remember > Flashcards

last midterm 1 to remember Flashcards

1
Q

psyche

A

body and soul connection , aristotle

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2
Q

dualism

A

body soul separated but interrelated, plato

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3
Q

materialism

A

everything is physical or material, thomas hobbes

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4
Q

monism

A

body and soul connected

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5
Q

mentalism

A

opposite of materialism, all thoughts are psychological experiences in the mind, thomas hobbes

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6
Q

empiricism and realism

A

john locke

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7
Q

idealism

A

immanuel kant

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8
Q

structuralism

A

-wilhem wundt: asked how certain things processed by mind, objective introspection
-edward titchener: self introspective experiences make up mind
-margaret washburn: toed line between behaviourism and structuralism

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9
Q

functionalism

A

behaviours and thoughts come from their function, william james and mary calkins

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10
Q

behaviourism: processes of mind as outcomes of behaviour

A

john b watson, rosalie rayner, bf skinner

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11
Q

deterministic theory

A

lives set up by experiences during childhood, sexual conflicts and subconscious

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12
Q

developmental psychology

A

jean piget, conservation (chaning representation doenst change amount)

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13
Q

social psychology

A

Kurt Lewin

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14
Q

humanistic psychology

A

carl rogers, abraham maslow, growth potential and human needs (maslow hierarchy of needs, social = love/belonging) (blackfoot: self actualization - community actualization - cultural perpetuity

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15
Q

contempoary psychology

A

science of behaviour and mental processes

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16
Q

nature vs nurture

A

nature: plato
nurture: aristotle
natural seleciton: charles darwin

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17
Q

theoretical perspectives

A

neuroscience: how body and brain enable emotions, memories, etc
evolutionary: natural selection promooting survival of genes
behaviour genetics: epigenetics = individual differrences
psychodynamic: emotions/drive = behaviour
behavioiural: how we learn observable responses
cognitive: how we use information
social cultural: how behaviour and thinking vary across cultures

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18
Q

post truth

A

emotions and beliefs override objective facts (echo chambers, fake news, powerful examples)

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19
Q

scientific method and set up

A
  1. observation
  2. question
  3. hypothesis
  4. test/acquire data
  5. analyze
  6. conclusion
  7. communicate
    thoery: explain behavoir
    hypothesis: testable prediciton
    operational definiton: measurable definition (how to measure something)
    variables: what can be manipulated
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20
Q

types of studies

A

descriptive: case study, observational, surveys/interviews
correlational
experimental

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21
Q

correlation coefficient

A

r, between - 1 and 1,

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22
Q

illusionary correlation

A

perceived connection between two variables

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23
Q

validity

A

-concurrent: measure curront outcomes?
-construct: measure behaviour/construct well?
-predictive: predict what supposedto predict?

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24
Q

power:

A

sensitivity to change

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25
reliability
consisten results/ repeatable results
26
confoduning variables
produce effect not from indepent (ex. sleep in caffeine intake study)
27
phrenology
bumps on skull = mental traits, franz gall
28
reticular theory
camillo golig, neurons continous with no gaps
29
neuron doctrine
ramon y cajal, neuonr distant units communicate in gaps (winner winner chicken dinner)
30
neurons
ap, releaser neurotransmitters, brain communication
31
glia
, support funciton and communication
32
dendrites
receive messages
33
neural impulse
ap down axon
34
terminal branches
form junctions
35
neuron strucutre
purkinje, hippocampal, bipolar
36
synapse events
1. action potentials reach synapse and trigger release of neurotransmitter molecules 2. molecules cross synaptic gap and bind to receptor sites on receiving neuron 3. allow electrically charged neurons to enter receiving neuron and cause excitatory or inhibitory signals 4. reuptake channels take excess neurotransmitters
37
lock and key
drug receptor is lock, ligand is key
38
neurotransmitters
acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, GABA, glutamate, endorphins
39
ACh
muscles action, learning, memory (alzheimers wen ach producing neurons deteriorate)
40
dopamine
: learning, motivation, emotion (too much schizo, too little parkinsons)
41
serotonin
mood, hunger, sleep, arousal (too little = depression)
42
norepinephrine
alertness and arousal, too little depress mood
43
GABA
inhibioty, too little = seizurs, tremors, insomnia
44
glutamate
excitatory and memory, too much seizures and migraines
45
endorphins
pain or pleasrure (opiate durgs surpress natural body supply)
46
nervous system organization
CNS and PNS (autonomic and somatic) -autonomic: sympathetic and parasympathetic -somatic: sensory output and motor input
47
types of neurons
sensory, motor, inter
48
reflex
1. sensory neuron carried from receptors to the spina cord 2. this neuron is passed via interneurons and sends motor neuron before information about the event can reach the brain 3. pain is experienced after the reflex because a little more time needed to feel pain compared to avoiding it
49
grey and white matter
grey: process info, sensations, voluntary movements white: transmit from body to grey matter
50
hind brain
brainstem and cerebellum
51
brainstem (3 parts)
medulla: HR and breathing pons: coordinate movement (connect body to cerebellum) reticular formation: sleep, alertness, arousal
52
cerebellum
-coordinate fine movements and life sustaining functions -procedural memory (muscle) -proper/smoother sequencing of movements -time and coordinate emotional, cognitive, motor functioning
53
midbrain
tectum: orientation tegmentum: movement and arousal substantia niagra: dopamine producing neurons
54
forebrain
-limbic system -hippo campus -amygdala -basal ganglia -cerebral cortex
55
limbic system
diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus), emotions memory drives
56
thalamus:
relay/filter info to cerebral cortex except smell
57
hypothalamus
endocrine system for 4 fs (food fight flee fuck)
58
hippo campus
new, conscious, explicit memories, decrease size and function with age
59
amygdala
emotion processing
60
basal ganglia
intentional movemtns and rewards -dorsal striatum: intentional movement (ex. caudate, putamen) -ventral striatum: process rewards, pleasure, motivation (ex. nucleus accumbens)
61
cerebral cortex
-frontal lobe -parietal lobe -occipital lobe -temporal lobe -association areas
62
frontal lobe
executive functioning -motor cortex: motor homunculus
63
parietal lobe
somatosensory cortex
64
occipital lobe
vision
65
temporal lobe
hearing
66
association areas
synthesize and help interpretation of information
67
ventricular spaces
gaps in brain filled with CSF for nourishment of cells, absorob shock, brain homeostasis
68
corpus callosum
connect left and irght hemispheres of brain, tract of nerve fibers, one can specialise with both contributing
69
left hemisphere
language production and interpretation
70
right hemisphere
creativity and spatial awareness
71
studying brain
-EEG -MEG -MRI -fMRI -PET -TMS
72
electroencephelogram
measure electrophysiological signal
73
magnetoencephalography
measure magnetic fields
74
magnetic resonance imaging
structural analuysis of brain wiht giant magnet
75
functional mri
measure blood oxygen level dependent
76
positon emission tomography
measure chemical signaling by observing mechanisms of metabolism (ex. how much dopamine being released)
77
transcranial magnetic stimulation
electrical pulses to cortex measuring behaviour

PSYC 101 (7 decks)

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