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Question 1

What is the core ideology of Liberalism?

Answer 1

Individual freedom, equality, and limited government.

Liberalism emphasizes the importance of individual rights and the role of government in protecting those rights.

Question 2

What are the significant divisions within Liberalism?

Answer 2

Role of the state, society, economy, and human nature.

These divisions lead to different interpretations and implementations of liberal principles.

Question 3

What is the view of Classical Liberalism on the state?

Answer 3

Minimal state (night-watchman), only protecting life, liberty, and property.

Thinkers like Locke and Mill advocate for a limited government role.

Question 4

What is the view of Modern Liberalism on the state?

Answer 4

Enabling state to promote freedom and equality.

Thinkers like Rawls and Friedan support a more active government role.

Question 5

According to Classical Liberalism, how is society viewed?

Answer 5

A collection of autonomous individuals pursuing their own interests.

Locke is a key thinker associated with this perspective.

Question 6

According to Modern Liberalism, what should society ensure?

Answer 6

Equal opportunities and rights for all.

Thinkers like Rawls and Wollstonecraft emphasize social justice.

Question 7

What is the economic view of Classical Liberals?

Answer 7

Free-market capitalism, little to no state intervention.

Locke and Mill support minimal government interference in the economy.

Question 8

What economic approach do Modern Liberals advocate?

Answer 8

Keynesian economics, some regulation and welfare to promote fairness.

Thinkers like Rawls and Friedan support state intervention for economic equity.

Question 9

How do Classical Liberals view human nature?

Answer 9

Humans are rational, self-reliant, and capable of self-improvement.

This perspective is primarily associated with Locke and Mill.

Question 10

What is Modern Liberalism’s view on human nature?

Answer 10

Humans are rational but require some social support to achieve equality.

Thinkers like Rawls and Friedan argue that social conditions affect individual potential.

Question 11

What is John Locke’s view on the state?

Answer 11

Minimal state, only protecting natural rights.

Locke is a foundational thinker in Classical Liberalism.

Question 12

What does Mary Wollstonecraft advocate regarding society?

Answer 12

Society should allow women equal opportunities.

Wollstonecraft is a key figure in both Classical and Modern Liberalism.

Question 13

What is John Stuart Mill’s contribution to Liberalism?

Answer 13

Limited state, but some intervention to protect the vulnerable.

Mill bridges Classical and Modern Liberal thought.

Question 14

What does John Rawls believe about the state?

Answer 14

Enabling state to ensure social justice and fairness.

Rawls is a central figure in Modern Liberalism.

Question 15

What economic principle does Betty Friedan support?

Answer 15

Free markets, but women need equal opportunities.

Friedan emphasizes gender equality within economic frameworks.

Question 16

Where do liberals agree regarding the state?

Answer 16

The state should protect individual rights.

This is a fundamental principle shared across different strands of Liberalism.

Question 17

Where do classical and modern liberals disagree regarding the state?

Answer 17

Classical liberals advocate for a minimal state, while modern liberals support an enabling state.

This disagreement reflects differing views on the role of government.

Question 18

What is a common agreement among liberals about society?

Answer 18

Society should be based on individual freedom and equality.

This principle underlies both Classical and Modern Liberal ideologies.

Question 19

What do classical liberals favor regarding the economy?

Answer 19

Laissez-faire capitalism.

Locke and Mill are strong proponents of minimal economic intervention.

Question 20

What do modern liberals favor regarding the economy?

Answer 20

State intervention and redistribution.

This reflects their emphasis on fairness and equal opportunities.

Question 21

What do liberals agree on regarding human nature?

Answer 21

Humans are rational and capable of self-improvement.

This is a shared belief among both classical and modern strands.

Question 22

How do classical and modern liberals differ in their view of human nature?

Answer 22

Classical liberals see humans as self-sufficient, while modern liberals argue that social structures can limit potential.

This highlights the differing perspectives on individual capability.

Question 23

What is the conclusion about Liberalism?

Answer 23

Liberalism values freedom, equality, and individual rights, with divisions between classical and modern views.

Classical liberals emphasize limited government, while modern liberals support intervention for fairness.

Question 24

What is the core ideology of conservatism?

Answer 24

A pragmatic, tradition-oriented ideology emphasizing order, hierarchy, and stability.

Question 25

What are the four strands of conservatism?

Answer 25

* Traditional Conservatism * One-Nation Conservatism * New Right (Neo-Liberalism & Neo-Conservatism)

Question 26

What is the view of the state in Traditional Conservatism?

Answer 26

Should be strong but limited, maintaining law and order.

Question 27

Who are key thinkers associated with Traditional Conservatism?

Answer 27

* Thomas Hobbes * Edmund Burke

Question 28

What is the view of society in One-Nation Conservatism?

Answer 28

Society should be cohesive, with the ruling class looking after the poor.

Question 29

What economic approach does the New Right advocate?

Answer 29

Laissez-faire capitalism with minimal government intervention.

Question 30

Fill in the blank: Traditional Conservatism believes humans are _______.

Answer 30

flawed, selfish, and need authority.

Question 31

What is the economic perspective of Traditional Conservatism?

Answer 31

Free markets with some state regulation for stability.

Question 32

What is the view of human nature in New Right thought?

Answer 32

Humans are rational, self-interested, and capable of autonomy.

Question 33

What does Michael Oakeshott suggest about the state?

Answer 33

The state should act pragmatically to maintain order and social harmony.

Question 34

What is the main disagreement about the state among conservatives?

Answer 34

Traditional and One-Nation conservatives support a stronger state, while New Right thinkers advocate for a minimal state.

Question 35

True or False: All conservatives agree that the state is unnecessary for law and order.

Answer 35

False

Question 36

What is the view of society in Traditional Conservatism?

Answer 36

Organic, naturally hierarchical, shaped by tradition.

Question 37

What do Traditional and One-Nation conservatives believe about the economy?

Answer 37

Support regulated markets.

Question 38

Fill in the blank: Conservatives generally support _______ and private property.

Answer 38

capitalism

Question 39

What do Hobbes and Burke believe about human nature?

Answer 39

Humans are flawed and irrational.

Question 40

Who argues that society is a collection of self-reliant individuals?

Answer 40

Ayn Rand

Question 41

What is the conclusion about conservatism?

Answer 41

It is a broad ideology with internal divisions over the role of the state, economy, society, and human nature.

Question 42

What do New Right thinkers believe about taxation?

Answer 42

Taxation is theft.

Question 43

What is the view of society in New Right thought?

Answer 43

Society is a collection of self-reliant individuals or structured traditionalism.

Question 44

Fill in the blank: One-Nation Conservatives believe humans are imperfect but can be guided by _______.

Answer 44

tradition and experience.

Question 45

What is socialism?

Answer 45

A political ideology based on cooperation, equality, and collective ownership ## Footnote Socialists disagree over state intervention, capitalism's role, and achieving a fairer society.

Question 46

What are the four strands of socialism?

Answer 46

* Revolutionary Socialism * Democratic Socialism * Social Democracy * Third Way

Question 47

What is the view of revolutionary socialists on the state?

Answer 47

The state must be overthrown and replaced by a dictatorship of the proletariat ## Footnote Thinkers include Karl Marx and Rosa Luxemburg.

Question 48

What is the stance of democratic socialists on the state?

Answer 48

A strong state is needed to gradually introduce socialism ## Footnote Beatrice Webb is a key thinker.

Question 49

How do social democrats view the state?

Answer 49

The state should manage capitalism to ensure fairness ## Footnote Anthony Crosland represents this view.

Question 50

What does the Third Way propose regarding the state?

Answer 50

The state should enable opportunity rather than control the economy ## Footnote Anthony Giddens is a proponent of this idea.

Question 51

What defines society according to revolutionary socialists?

Answer 51

Class struggle defines society, and capitalism creates division ## Footnote Key thinkers include Marx and Luxemburg.

Question 52

How do democratic socialists view society?

Answer 52

Society should be equal through gradual reform ## Footnote This perspective is represented by Beatrice Webb.

Question 53

What is the social democratic view of society?

Answer 53

A mixed society, where inequality is reduced but capitalism remains ## Footnote Anthony Crosland is associated with this view.

Question 54

What is the Third Way's perspective on society?

Answer 54

Society should focus on equality of opportunity rather than forced equality ## Footnote Anthony Giddens supports this idea.

Question 55

What do revolutionary socialists believe about the economy?

Answer 55

Abolish capitalism, common ownership of all means of production ## Footnote Thinkers include Marx and Luxemburg.

Question 56

What is the economic stance of democratic socialists?

Answer 56

State control of key industries, progressive taxation ## Footnote Beatrice Webb is a key thinker.

Question 57

How do social democrats approach the economy?

Answer 57

Managed capitalism with regulation and welfare ## Footnote Anthony Crosland represents this view.

Question 58

What is the Third Way's economic perspective?

Answer 58

Free markets with some redistribution and public services ## Footnote Anthony Giddens advocates for this model.

Question 59

What do revolutionary socialists believe about human nature?

Answer 59

Humans are naturally cooperative but corrupted by capitalism ## Footnote Key thinkers include Marx and Luxemburg.

Question 60

How do democratic socialists view human nature?

Answer 60

Humans can be gradually improved through socialism ## Footnote Beatrice Webb is associated with this idea.

Question 61

What is the social democratic view on human nature?

Answer 61

Humans are competitive but can be guided towards social justice ## Footnote Anthony Crosland represents this perspective.

Question 62

What does the Third Way say about human nature?

Answer 62

Humans are aspirational and seek self-advancement ## Footnote Anthony Giddens is a proponent of this view.

Question 63

Where do socialists agree regarding the state?

Answer 63

Socialists agree that the state should play a role in promoting equality.

Question 64

Where do socialists disagree regarding the state?

Answer 64

Revolutionary socialists want to overthrow the state, while democratic socialists believe in gradual reform.

Question 65

What do socialists agree on regarding society?

Answer 65

Socialists agree that capitalism creates inequality.

Question 66

Where do socialists disagree regarding society?

Answer 66

Revolutionary socialists see class struggle as central, while social democrats believe in reforming capitalism.

Question 67

What is a common agreement among socialists about the economy?

Answer 67

All socialists support redistribution of wealth and equality.

Question 68

Where do socialists disagree regarding the economy?

Answer 68

Marx and Luxemburg want to abolish capitalism, while Webb and Crosland favour state control, and Giddens accepts free markets.

Question 69

What do socialists agree on regarding human nature?

Answer 69

Socialists agree that humans are naturally cooperative.

Question 70

Where do socialists disagree regarding human nature?

Answer 70

Marx and Luxemburg believe capitalism corrupts human nature, while Giddens argues for aspiration and individualism.

Question 71

What does socialism represent in terms of ideology?

Answer 71

A broad ideology with internal divisions over state, economy, society, and human nature.

Question 72

What is the key distinction between revolutionary socialists and democratic socialists?

Answer 72

Revolutionary socialists want radical change, while democratic socialists focus on gradual reform.

Question 73

What does the Third Way represent in socialism?

Answer 73

A shift towards a blend of free markets and social justice.