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GI > last min tings <3 > Flashcards

last min tings <3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is smooth muscle coupled by

A

gap junctions

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2
Q

what is the indirect pathway of gastic secretion

A

ach and gastrin stimulating ECL - resulting in histamine which acts on the partietal cell

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3
Q

give exmalpes of PGE antagonists

A

NSAIDS

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4
Q

what do you give alongside NSAIDS

A

misoprostol - a PGE1 analougue

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5
Q

examples of mucosal strenghtneres

A

sucralfate and bismuth chealate

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6
Q

what suppresses peristalsis

A

CCK and gastrin

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7
Q

what is the oder of carbs

A

polysarrharides
ogliosaccharides
monosaccharides

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8
Q

what must all dietry carbs be converted to

A

monosahharides for absoption

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9
Q

what does B12 bind to before binding to intrinsic faactor

A

hapatocorin

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10
Q

what controls the defeacation reflec

A

pudenal nerves

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11
Q

what is an exampled of a simulant purgitave

A

bisacodyl

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12
Q

what is an example of a faecal softener

A

docusate sodium

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13
Q

how are fatty acids oxidised

A

through b oxidation

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14
Q

what do a4-b7 and madcam-1 do

A

allow lymphoctes to move into the assocaited tissue and into the gut

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15
Q

treatment of allergic oesophagitis

A

steroids, chromoglycate and montelukast

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16
Q

what are squamous papilloma associated with

A

HPV

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17
Q

what is the first type of gastric adenocarcinoma

A

interstitial
form polypoid mass/ exophytic
tumuors have rolled up edges
h pylori assocaited

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18
Q

what is the second type of gastric adenocarcinoma

A

expands / infiltrates the stomach wall

signet ring on histology

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19
Q

gastic lymphom

A

b cell

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20
Q

how to treat diverticular disease

A

uncomplicated - antibiotcs

complicacated - drainage, hartmanns procedure

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21
Q

which patients is hairy leukoplkia seen in

A

HIV patients and EBV patients

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22
Q

what do you do when there are ALARM symtpoms in dyspepsia

A

test for h pylori

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23
Q

what is tropical sprue

A

colonisation of intestine by infectous agent in the carribrenas - cause is unknown

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24
Q

whipples disease

A

caused by tropheryma whipplei
required antibiotics
middle agend man

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25
Q

how to treat a carcinoid of the appendix

A

<1cm - addpendectomy

>2cm - complete right hemi colon

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26
Q

treatment of small bowel obstructuvion

A

nasogastric tube to decompress the stomach

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27
Q

what are kuppfer cells

A

macrophages which remove bacterial matter and dead RBC which produced bilirubin

28
Q

what are stellate celles

A

store via A and are within the space of disse, may deposit collagen, beginning liver cirrhosis

29
Q

treatment of gallstones

A

laparoscopic cholecystectomy
ursodeoxyxholic acid
morphine buprenophrine
atropine or GN

30
Q

what does CPY450 do

A

makes the drug have an OH group

31
Q

what does UDP-GT do

A

adds a larger group onto the OH

32
Q

how to treat hepatic encephalophy

A

laculose (converts ammonia into ammonium) and antibiotics eg rifaximin

33
Q

who gets NASH

A

non - drinkers

34
Q

what si compensated cirrhosis

A

clinically normal, incidental finding

symptoms - spider naevi

35
Q

what is decompensated cirrhosis

A

liver failure - end staege

jaundice, ascites, encelophaty

36
Q

where is the fundus of gall bladder loacted

A

L1

37
Q

what is a paediatric inguinal hernia assocaited with

A

processes vaginalis

38
Q

inx for appendicitis

A

US

39
Q

treatment of achalasi

A

CCBs and nitrates
botox
cardiomyotomy, baloon oesophageal dilation

40
Q

what cancer is assoc with pulmmer vinson syndrome

A

oesophageal adenocarcinoma

41
Q

inx for gastroperesis

A

oesophageal mamometry

42
Q

inx for malabsoprtion

A

FBC, coagultion, LFTs and then endoscopy / imaging

43
Q

when to offer a lower GI test ofr IBS

A

if >50

44
Q

treatement for IBS

A

stop opiates and analgesia
loperamide
antispasmodics - mebeverine
amitryptiling

45
Q

what are some symptoms of acute mesenteric ischaemia

A

pain out of proption, no abdo signs, rapid hypovolaemia, constant/central/RIF pain

46
Q

treatment of acute mesenteric ischaemic

A

metro and gent - due to the mucosal damage

47
Q

inx of mesenteric ischaemia

A

CT angiogrpahy at laparotomy

48
Q

inx of meckels

A

radionucleotide scan and laparptomy

49
Q

what is trulove and witts criteria

A

> 6 blood stools/day + 1 of fever, tahcy, anaemia, elevated ERS = severe UC

50
Q

invx of bowel obstruction

A

abdo xray

51
Q

things with short incubtation times

A

bacillus ceurss and staph aureus

52
Q

things with medium incubation times

A

salmonella nad c perfingens

53
Q

things with long incubation time

A

campylobacter and e coli and giardiasis and enteric fever

54
Q

how to treat enteric fever

A

cefiriaxone

55
Q

leptin

A

reduced levels minic starvation

56
Q

insulin

A

inhibit food intake

57
Q

orlistat

A

inhibits pancreas uuptake so decreases TAG absoption

58
Q

direct inguinal hernia is caused by

A

weak posterior wall

59
Q

prehepatic jaunice

A

excess haem production eg malena - increased unconjugated bilirubin

60
Q

intrahepatic jaundice

A

hepatocellular damage leading to intrahepatic choelsista eg viral drugs - increased conjugated or unconjugate bilirubin

61
Q

post hepatic jaundice

A

obsruction to bile flow from liver eg gallbladder - increased conjugated bilirubin

62
Q

symptomas of carcinoid tumours

A

flushing, wheexing, diarrhoea

63
Q

t1

A

no deeper than mucosa

64
Q

t2

A

not through muscularis

65
Q

t3

A

though muscularis propria

66
Q

t4

A

tumour has directly invaded other organs

67
Q

whats in the hepatoduodenal ligament

A

CBD, portal vein, proper hepatic artery

GI (8 decks)

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