Last Minute Things

Question 1

Photosynthesis occurs in the…

Answer 1

..thylakoids

Question 2

Photosynthesis -LDR

Step 1

Answer 2

• Light enters the chlorophyll which traps it
• Energy from the light splits the water

Question 3

Photosynthesis -LDR

Step 2

Answer 3

• Hydrogen from the split water is transferred to the carrier molecule NADH+ which is turned into NADH
• ATP synthase produces ATP

Question 4

Photosynthesis - LDR

Step 3

Answer 4

• -Oxygen from the molecules is also produced and is released as waste

Question 5

Photosynthesis - LIDR…occurs in the

Answer 5

…stroma of the chloroplasts

Question 6

Photosynthesis - LIDR

Step 5

Answer 6

• Enzyme rubisco joins a CO2 molecule with a 5-carbon molecule to produce a 6-carbon molecule

Question 7

Photosynthesis - LIDR

Step 6

Answer 7

NADPH from the light dependent reaction and ATP react to produce glucose

Question 8

Photosynthesis Equation

Answer 8

6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 9

Aerobic

Respiration

Step 1

Answer 9

Glycoysis
- 1 glucose is broken into 2 pyruvates
- 2 ATP produced
- Occurs in the cytoplasm

Question 10

Aerobic

Respiration

Step 2

Answer 10

Krebs Cycle:
- Pyruvate from previous step is moved into the matrix in the mitochondria
- Through enzyme reactions, pyruvate is broken down into CO2 waste an hydrogen atoms
- Occurs in the matrix

Question 11

Aerobic

Respiration

Step 3

Answer 11

Electron Transport Chain
- Occurs in the cristae
- Hydrogen atoms are ionized to H+ as electrons are pushed apart
- The energy from the energy the electrions are used to turn ADP into ATP
- Water is produced as a waste product

Question 12

Aerobic

Respiration - Equation

Answer 12

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6H2O + 36 ATP

Question 13

Anerobic

Respiration

Answer 13

• Glucose partially broken down in the cytoplasm
• Short term
• Low ATP production

Question 14

Anerobic

Respiration - Equations

Answer 14

Glucose -> ethanol + 2ATP
Glucose -> Lactic Acid + 2ATP

Question 15

Co-Enzyme

Answer 15

Helps the substrate to fit

Question 16

Anti-Codon

Answer 16

Three consecutive bases on the tRNA

Question 17

Sister Chromatids

Answer 17

Excat copies of each other
Formed in DNA replication

Question 18

Linked Genes and Independent Assortment

Answer 18

Linked genes cannot independently assort

Question 19

Degeneracy of the Code

Answer 19

64 codons for 20 Amino Acids

Question 20

Genes and Enzymes

Answer 20

Genes control the production of enzymes
If a mutation were to occur it can result in a faulty gene which may not have the correct production of enzyme

Question 21

Mutations

Substutution Mutations

Answer 21

Replacement of a nucleotide base in the DNA sequence

Question 22

Substitution Mutation

Silent Mutations

Answer 22

• Substitution os base where amino acid does not change
• Due to the degeneracy of the code

Question 23

Substitution Mutation

Missense Mutation

Answer 23

• Substition of base leads to a different amino acid in the protein
• Can be sever depending on where the amino acid is changed
• E.g. stop/start codon

Question 24

# Substitution Mutation Nonsense Mutation

Answer 24

- Substitution of a base results in a STOP codon in the mRNA sequence - Translation is terminated during protein synthesis

Question 25

# Substitution Mutation Neutral Mutations

Answer 25

- Substitution of base leads to no effect on the organisms phenotype

Question 26

# Substitution Mutation Insertion Mutation

Answer 26

- Addition of one or more bases - Can distrupt the normla reading frame - Frame shift

Question 27

# Substitution Mutation Deletion Mutation

Answer 27

- Removal of nucleotide base in the DNA sequence - Framshift - Misinterpretation of codons