LAT Flash Cards
(136 cards)
1
Q
2 mL of water weighs how many grams?
A
2 grams
2
Q
5% dextrose contains how many mg of dextrose in each mL?
A
50mg of dextrose
3
Q
An accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity is called
A
ascites
4
Q
Blood (blue) from what animal is used to develop a test for pyrogens call the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test?
A
Horseshoe crab
5
Q
SCID mice lack what two types of immune cells?
A
B and T cells
6
Q
Name two methods for inhibiting growth of bacteria in animal water bottles.
A
Acidification and chlorination
7
Q
The splitting open of a surgical incision site is called…
A
dehiscence
8
Q
The study of abnormal fetal development is called…
A
Teratology
9
Q
The study of poisons and the effects they have on living organisms is called..
A
Toxicology
10
Q
Substances that damage the developing fetus are called…
A
teratogens or mutagens
11
Q
Name commonly used gas anesthetics
A
halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane
12
Q
What gas can sterilize surgical tools that would be damaged by heat autoclaving?
A
Ethylene oxide
13
Q
Synonym for packed cell volume
A
hematocrit
14
Q
Snuffles in rabbits
A
Pasturella multicida
15
Q
Atrophic rhinitis in pigs
A
Bordatella bronchioseptica
16
Q
Bacterial pneumonia in guinea pigs
A
Bordatella bronchioseptica
17
Q
Kennel cough in dogs
A
Bordatella bronchioseptica
18
Q
Rat pinworm sp.
A
Syphacia muris or syphacia obvelata
19
Q
Toxocara canis
A
Canine roundworm
20
Q
The neutrophils of rabbits and g.pigs are referred to as …
A
heterophils
21
Q
of sick animals divided by the total # of animals =
A
Morbidity
22
Q
of animals that die divided by the total # of animals=
A
Mortality
23
Q
Q fever sp.
A
Coxiella burnetti (travels in the placenta)
24
Q
Congenital disease
A
A condition that the animal is born with
25
What pathogen causes ringworm?
A fungus :microsporum and trichophyton
26
Transmission of a disease from parent to offspring in utero is called
vertical transmission
27
What system of the body is affected by mycoplasma pulmonis in rats?
Repiratory
28
Gnotobiotic
Animals with a known microbial flora
29
of air changes per hour in animal rooms?
10-15
30
Who regulates standards for shipments of animals?
AWA
31
Marmota monax
Groundhog
32
Dasypus novemcinctus
Armadillo
33
Marmoset
Callithrix jacchus
34
Another term for platelets
Thrombocytes
35
AAALAC
Associate for Assessment and Accredidation of laboratory animal care
36
AALAS
American Association of Lab animal Science
37
Most commonly used phenylthiazine tranquilizer
Acetyl or acepromazine
38
Thigmophilic
Relying on touch to navigate: gpigs.
39
Bacillus stearothermophilis
Biological indicators for autoclaving
40
Hyperemia
Excess of blood to tissues or organs
41
Bruxism
Teeth grinding
42
Trichobezoars
ingested hair ball
43
Passalurus ambiguus
pinworm in rabbits
44
2.25% concentration = mg/mL?
22.5mg/mL
% concentration is based on g/100mL
45
CONCENTRATION DOSAGE EQUIVALENCE PERCENT
1: 1,000 1mg/mL 0.1%
1: 10,000 0.1mg/mL 0.01%
1: 100,000 0.01mg/mL 0.001%
1: 200,000 0.005mg/mL 0.0005%
epinephrine
46
Rana pipians
Leopard frog
47
ethology
Study of behavior
48
axenic
Germ free
49
2 classes of pain meds
NSAID and opioids
50
mastitis
Mammary infection
51
limulus
horseshoe crab
52
Microfilaria
immature heart-worm in blood
53
Heterophil
red colors white blood cells
54
Dirofilaria immitis
heart worm
55
Septicemia
blood infection
56
Neoteny
Larval stage entire life
57
Pinioning
removing the flight feathers (one side)
58
Corpuscular
active at dawn and dusk
59
AAALAC
Provides peer evals. of animal care and use programs
60
FDA
Requires compliance with the GLP's
61
USDA
Responsible for enforsing AWA
| Inspects institutions using species covered by the AWA
62
Test system
includes animals or entities administered a substance
63
OLAW (office of lab animal welfare)
Expects institution to self regulate, (follow AWA and PHS policy) and report deviations. Oversees the care, compliance and use of research animals in Public Health Service (PHS)-funded research
64
PHS Policy
Publishes the policy on the humane care and use of lab animals
IACUC: 5 members; Enforced by OLAW
-a chairperson,
-a veterinarian,
-a practicing scientist with animal research experience,
-a nonscientist
-a community member.
65
Animal Welfare Act
| regulations and requirement
Enforced by APHIS and USDA
Requires IACUC 3 members
- a chairperson,
- a veterinarian with training
- the nonaffiliated.
Animal Welfare Regulations: describes what a facility must do to comply with AWA, overseen by AWA
1. Definition of terms
2. Regulations
3. Standards
4. Rules of Practice
66
Post-approval monitoring (PAM)
PAM program is to ensure that IACUC-approved procedures are being followed
67
Category B animal
Animals being bred, conditioned, or held for use in teaching, testing, experiments, research, or surgery, but not yet used for such purposes
68
Category C animal
Teaching, research, experiments, or tests conducted that cause no pain or distress and thus do not require the use of pain-relieving drugs.
69
Category D animal
Experiments, teaching, research, experiments, or tests causing pain or distress to the animals, for which appropriate anesthetic, analgesic, or tranquilizing drugs were used.
70
Category E animal
Teaching, experiments, research, surgery, or tests causing pain or distress to the animals, for which appropriate anesthetic, analgesic, or tranquilizing drugs were not used because they would have adversely affected the procedures, results, or interpretation.
71
Class A Dealer
raise and sell animals themselves; these animals are known as purpose-bred
72
Class B Dealer
purchase and resell animals, including random-source dogs and cats (such as those from animal shelters or pounds), import nonhuman primates, and resell animals from research facilities.
73
"Must" in the guide
describe aspects of an animal care program that are considered essential or imperative
74
"Should" In the guide
strong recommendations for achieving a goal
75
Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL)
describes a set of guidelines established by the CDC and the NIH for the safe handling and containment of biological agents in a laboratory setting, including infectious microorganisms and potentially hazardous biological materials
76
what two documents are used by AAALAC in the US to evaluate institutions for accreditation?
The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and the Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Research and Teaching
77
Which of the following agencies monitors compliance with Public Health Service (PHS) Policy?
Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW)
78
APHIS
Animal and Plant Health inspection: part of USDA; Administers AWA and AWR
79
IO
Institutional Official, in charge or IACUC, make sure organization in compliance with AWA
80
3 R's
Replace Reduce Refine
81
PHS Policy:
Public Health Service on Humane care and use of lab animals: Enforced by OLAW
82
PHS 1979 revision
Definition of animal expanded to all vertebrates
83
An outcross
mating scheme between two different strains or same inbred strains differing at a locus of interest (F1, F2 ...)
84
Intercross
heterozy X heterozy mating scheme (F)
85
Backcross
Heterozy X Homozy mating: Hetero offspring mated back with parental homozy strain (N2, N3...
86
Incross
Homozy X homozy mating (sibling mating)
87
Coisogenic
mutant that differs at only single locus from original strain
88
4 Stages of Estrous
Proestrus, estrus, Metestrus, diestrus
89
C to F
C * 9/5+32= F
90
F to C
(F-32) *5/9
91
Subclinical
has disease but does not show signs or symptoms
92
Sanitation
is the process by which the number of bacteria and other organisms living on inanimate objects is reduced to safe levels. Hard surface
93
Disinfection
destroy or irreversably inactive infectious pathogens but not their spores (alcohols, phenols and quats) Hard surface
94
Cost Centers
does not produce revenue with both indirect and direct costs
95
Direct Costs
Directly attributed to specific research project: cost of animals, per diems, supplies and some expenditures
96
Indirect costs (support cost)
incurred by animal facility that are not specifically identified with a certain specie or project (the animal facilities as a whole) Facility operations/maintenance security etc
97
Intensive Breeding
when the male remains with female or females.
98
Nonintensive breeding
Housed separately when rearing pups
99
Gestation (different species)
```
Mouse: 21 days
Rat: 21 days
Hamster: 16-20 days
(Jills/ Hobs) Ferret: 38-44 days
Chinchillas: 110 days
(Doe/Buck) Rabbit: 31-32 days
(Queens/Toms) Cat: 58-67 days
Dog: 59-68 days
NHP: 159-169 days
Swine: 112-115 days
```
100
Drug absorption fastest to slowest
IV>IP>IM>SQ>ID
101
Negative pressure rooms
Biocontainment/ Quarantine Air flows in
102
Positive pressure rooms
Surgery/Barrier Air flows out.
103
Sterilizers
Kills all forms of microbial life including spores (formaldehyde gas, Hperoxide gas, aldehydes, ethylene oxide gas) Hard surface
104
Germicides
prevent infections by inhibiting growth (used on live organisms)
105
Outbred Stock nomenclature
Vendor : Stock symbol
106
Inbred stock nomenclature
Parent strain / Sub-strain Lab code
107
Five principle studies of Toxicology
acute,subacute,chronic, subchronic and reproductive
108
B virus
Cercopithrcine herpesvirus 1
109
Leprosy
Mycobacterium leprae
110
Plague
Yersinia pestis
111
Rabies virus
Rhabdoviridae
112
Leukocyte
WBC's Granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes
113
Granulocytes PMNs
Neutrophils: inflammatory response- phagocytosis
eosinophils: release stuff
Basophils: parasitic infection/allergic reactions
114
Monocytes
become macrophages- call to their brother monocytes (chemicals like cytokines)
115
Lymphocytes
Tcells, Bcells, NK cells- Search and destroy
Bcells- to plasma cells then release antibodies
NK make viruses more deader
116
Heart cirulation
R atrium->R ventricle->Pulmonary artery to lungs -> pulmonary vein from lungs-> L atrium->L ventricle-> to the aorta
117
Centralized management
Centralization often reduces operating costs, providing a more efficient flow of animal care supplies, equipment, and personnel; more efficient use of environmental controls; and less duplication of support services. Centralization reduces the needs for transporting animals between housing and study sites, thereby minimizing the risks of transport stress and exposure to disease agents; affords greater security by providing the opportunity to control facility access; and increases the ease of monitoring staff and animals.
118
Decentralized management
Decentralized animal housing and use occur in space that is not solely dedicated to animal care or support or is physically separated from the support areas and animal care personnel
119
IACUC's are mandated by:
Federal Mandate
120
AWA (Animal Welfare Act)
- Established care and use standards for research animals
- USDA Enforces this law
- Requires institutions to have IACUC
121
APHIS: Animal & Plant Health Inspection service
Branch of USDA
Administers AWA/AWR
USDA officer inspects facilities
122
congenic
strains are generated in the laboratory by mating two inbred strains (usually rats or mice), and backcrossing the descendants 5-10 generations with one of the original strains, known as the recipient strain
123
% concentration to Mg/ml
2 % solution means= 2 gm in 100 ml
so it means= 2x1000 mg / 100 ml= 20 mg/ml
in this case % concentration is based on g/ml
a 2% solution is: (1ml x 2%)/100 = 0,02g/ml
0,02g/ml x 1000 = 20mg/ml (becouse 1g = 1000mg)
124
% concentration to Mg/ml
2 % solution means= 2 gm in 100 ml
so it means= 2x1000 mg / 100 ml= 20 mg/ml
in this case % concentration is based on g/ml
a 2% solution is: (1ml x 2%)/100 = 0,02g/ml
0,02g/ml x 1000 = 20mg/ml (becouse 1g = 1000mg)
125
Drip rates for IV
total volume to give / total time in min X drop factor/ 1
Total vol x Drop factor/ total time
126
Animal Welfare Assurance
Document signed by institution saying it will comply with AWA, PHS policy, AVMA, Guide
127
IACUC
Institutional Animal care and use commitee: Required by PHS and AWR to inspect institutions, review protocols
128
Tropical amphibians temperature
21-29C
129
Temperate Amphibs Temp
18-22c
130
Zebrafish
danio rario: 24-28c
131
How to dechlorinate water
Let sit for 24-48 hours (age)
sodium thiosulfate
aerate
carbon filters
132
conductivity
Measures dissolved salts and minerals present as ions
133
High ion concentration in water
water will flow out of the frog
134
Low ion concentraion
Water will flow into frog
135
Total hardness
Measure of calcium and magnesium ions
136
water hardness
Measures specific ions dissolved in water
