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Music In America Final Exam 2 > Latin American Influences > Flashcards

Latin American Influences Flashcards

1
Q

Mexican son

A

Syncretic music with Spanish and African influences

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2
Q

Copla and decimal are found commonly in

A

Mexican son

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3
Q

Sesquialtera

A

Either alternating or overlapping double and triple meters

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4
Q

Son jarocho

A

Jarocho refers to anyone from that area of southern Veracruz

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5
Q

Instruments of son jarocho

A

Arpa (harp), jarana (8 string guitar), requinto (small 4 string instrument that has a flat pick to pluck out melodies)

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6
Q

What is an arpa?

A

Harp

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7
Q

What is a jarana?

A

8 string guitar

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8
Q

What is a requinto?

A

Small 4 string instrument that has a flat pick to pluck out melodies

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9
Q

La bamba

A

Traditional, original version performed by son jarocho trio; also was a top 40 hit by Richie Valens

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10
Q

New son jarocho

A

Revival in the last decade where people add improvisation and mix it with other styles

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11
Q

Las Cafeteras

A

The coffee makers; they mix La Bamba with pop and hip hop and call it “La Bamba Rebelde”. They talk about Latino issues and they are a good example of new son jarocho

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12
Q

Mariachi

A

Refers to an ensemble of guitars, trumpets, vocals, and violins

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13
Q

Typical features of a mariachi band

A

Son jalisciense, vihuela, violins, guitarron, and trajes de charro (Mexican cowboy outfits)

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14
Q

Tejano

A

A form of music that dealt with issues of borders; Tex-mex and conjunto music

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15
Q

What are instruments of tex-mex or conjunto music?

A

Accordion and bajo sexto (12 string guitar)

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16
Q

What is an example of conjunto music?

A

Los Tigres del Norte

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17
Q

Who are Los Tigres del Norte?

A

Very successful family band of tex-mex/conjunto music; first hit was “Contraband and Betrayal”

18
Q

Where is Yoruba?

A

West Africa

19
Q

Who are Lucumi?

A

Cubans of Yoruba/West African descent

20
Q

What is Santeria?

A

Associated with other African forms around the Caribbean. The main thing that unites them is the idea that music is the vehicle that unites secular and sacred

21
Q

What is Rumba?

A

Sacred Cuban music. It has elements of percussion and voice, call & response, and polyrhythms. This is backyard, spur of the moment music that is played everyday by anyone.

22
Q

Elements of Cuban son

A

Clave rhythm, verse-montuno form, and instruments (tres, bass, congas, maracas)

23
Q

Clave rhythm (3 + 2, 2 + 3)

A

Found in Cuban son; everything relates to a clave, or a beat. 3 + 2 = One, Two, Three…One, Two. And 2 + 3 = One, Two…One, Two, Three. All instruments lock that rhythm and stick to it

24
Q

What is the instrumentation in Cuban son?

A

Tres, bass, congas, maracas, and claves

25
Q

What is verse-montuno form?

A

Found in Cuban son; typical form of song. Verse is a solo singer with chorus but the rhythm gets more intense and fast. Call & response is the montuno part and you add this to extend the length of any song

26
Q

Cubop/ Latin Jazz

A

Mixture of bebop and Afro-Cuban music

27
Q

Who is Mario Bauza?

A

Trumpet player of Cubop who comes in the early 30s to play jazz

28
Q

Who is Machito?

A

Mario Bauza’s brother; he was on drums and sang and danced.

29
Q

Who is Dizzy Gillespie?

A

Another Cubop star; wrote “Manteca” with Chano Pozo and was a jazz trumpeter

30
Q

Who is Chano Pozo?

A

Wrote “Manteca” with Dizzy Gillespie

31
Q

The Paladium Ballroom

A

Center of Latin American music in New York during the 50s and 60s. All of the best Latin musicians and dancers went there.

32
Q

1959 Cuban Revolution

A

Embargo imposed by the U.S. which stops all trade and cuts off the relationship between Cuban and American music

33
Q

Salsa

A

Marketing term associated with Fania Records; this music isn’t Latino anymore because you find it everywhere

34
Q

Fania Records

A

Company that records Puerto Rican and Cuban musicians living in New York City; made Celia Cruz a star

35
Q

Who is Celia Cruz?

A

Cuban woman who became the biggest star of salsa; one of Fania Record’s biggest hits.

36
Q

What is bossa nova?

A

Revitalized Brazilian music that was developed by lower class musicians and came out of the samba

37
Q

What are the musical characteristics of bossa nova music?

A
  • Emphasis on integration of guitar and voice EQUALLY
  • Understated singing where the musician is whispering; “apartment music”
  • influenced harmonies from Jazz; musicians listened to crooners like Sinatra growing up
  • Lyrics were written by poets and were about romance and nature
38
Q

Who is Joao Gilberto?

A

Bossa nova singer and guitarist; invented the style and played guitar for “The Girl From Ipanema”

39
Q

Mestizo culture

A

A mix of European and indigenous populations

40
Q

Who is Antonio Carlos Jobim?

A

Bossa nova composer and pianist. Wrote “The Girl from Ipanema” - one of the most recorded songs worldwide

Music In America Final Exam 2 (8 decks)

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