Law, Freedom, and Moral Acts

Question 1

why is quarreling specifically a human quality

Answer 1

because it means trying to prove that someone else is wrong. This means that we have an agreed upon sense of right and wrong, and a standard of behavior which we hold each other to.

Question 2

What is quarreling trying to do

Answer 2

prove the other wrong, expect other to know standard of right and wrong

Question 3

what is the law of human nature

Answer 3

the law of right and wrong

Question 4

what is the difference between the law of nature for people and things

Answer 4

things cannot choose to obey laws, they just do. It is a description of how they always behave. For humans we have a choice and it describes what we should do, but do not always do.

Question 5

why does lewis say we are forced to believe in real right and wrong

Answer 5

because we all adhere to it and have throughout history.

Question 6

how does lewis say our use of excuses show that all men believe in the law of nature

Answer 6

we know that we have fallen short of the understood standard of behavior and we want to shift the blame. There would be no point in shifting the blame if we did not feel guilty.

Question 7

what are the two points he wants to make in this chapter

Answer 7

humans believe they should behave in a certain way and cannot get rid of this belief, yet they do not behave in this way. They know the law and break it.

Question 8

why cant we say that following moral law is useful to us

Answer 8

a war prisoner can be useful to us, but being a nazi is very bad. Cheating can be useful, but it is not morally correct. Good behvior like telling the truth is not always convinient or helpful. If this was man made we would make it useful and convinient.

Question 9

ESSAY QUESTION
How is Lewis able to conclude that the law of nature is not manmade

Answer 9

• we feel natural law pressing in on us by quarelling (trying to show other is in the wrong, and expecting other to know right and wrong and follow a standard of behavior) and making excuses (we know that we have fallen short of standard and are trying to shift the blame)
• it is not a matter of taste or preference it is universal (applies to all people at all times. There has never been a society that praises selfishness)
• it is not useful or convinient (many times bad behavior is useful and good behavior is not)

Question 10

natural law does not come from man, it is written on his heart urging him to do good and avoid evil. This proves the existence of a law which implies the existence of a

Answer 10

law giver/maker

Question 11

The law helps bring us to our ultimate end in heaven, meaning that it does not keep us from happiness but

Answer 11

brings happiness

Question 12

what is law

Answer 12

An obligatory, resonable, and useful rule given to benefit the community (lead them towards God) which is made known to the people by someone with legitiment authority over them.

Question 13

Eternal law

Answer 13

plan of divine wisdom directing all acts and movements

Question 14

cosmos means -, while chaos means

Answer 14

order, confusion

Question 15

properties of eternal law

Answer 15

primordial and universal

Question 16

primordial

Answer 16

foundational, the starting point for all laws

Question 17

universal

Answer 17

applies to every creature

Question 18

natural law

Answer 18

rational creature’s participation in eternal law; written on the heart of every human being

Question 19

natural law states that we can understand right and wrong through

Answer 19

reason

Question 20

natural law recognizes order both

Answer 20

within the universe and within the individual

Question 21

natural law properties

Answer 21

immutable, universal

Question 22

immutible

Answer 22

unchanging

Question 23

laws of nature

Answer 23

descriptions of behavior of the material universe; describes how things work

Question 24

since man has -, he can chose to follow natural law or reject it

Answer 24

free will

Question 25

positive law

Answer 25

a law which has been formally laid down or imposed; made known to us by external sign

Question 26

divine positive law

Answer 26

legistlated by god (decaloug or 10 commandments)

Question 27

ecclesiastical law

Answer 27

legistlated by church

Question 28

what is a positivist

Answer 28

someone who claims we must just follow written law without thinking abt if it is unjust

Question 29

civil positive law

Answer 29

legistlated by the government

Question 30

evangelical law

Answer 30

from the gospel, to shape your life according to christ, beautittudes and sacraments

Question 31

human laws should correspond to

Answer 31

god's will

Question 32

moral good and evil procede from the

Answer 32

nature of things; things are not good or evil because you want them to be or anyone says they are

Question 33

foundation of good and evil is

Answer 33

truth

Question 34

just laws correspond to

Answer 34

natural law

Question 35

because just laws correspond to natural law, they have the power to bind us in conciounse making disobeying them

Answer 35

a sin

Question 36

laws which do not correspond to natural law are

Answer 36

unresonable, unjust, and need not be obeyed

Question 37

popular view of freedom to do whatever I want is actually not freedom but

Answer 37

license

Question 38

freedom is

Answer 38

power rooted in the will to perform deliberate actions on own responsibility

Question 39

to be truly free means to

Answer 39

use ones freedom to choose good

Question 40

true freedom

Answer 40

the ability to do good to achieve happiness

Question 41

how is moral law like a map

Answer 41

it leads us to the end goal of god, and shows us where we could go wrong. If you want to get to god the map will be helpful but if you just want to step where you want the map will be annoying.

Question 42

the human person can achieve his goal/fail to achieve it through

Answer 42

his actions

Question 43

we make ourseleves the person we are through our (our actions -)

Answer 43

actions, (define us)

Question 44

because man is a moral being we are

Answer 44

morally responsible for our actions

Question 45

man acts with

Answer 45

intellegence and free will

Question 46

a human act is one that is performed with

Answer 46

knowledge and free will, meaning that man has control over his action. He is responsible for it.

Question 47

acts of man

Answer 47

act accomplished without knowledge/freedom, not responsible

Question 48

what people are unable of comitting human acts

Answer 48

under the age of reason, insane

Question 49

moral act

Answer 49

any action that results from a delieberate choice between good and evil or different degrees of goodness

Question 50

impediments to knowledge

Answer 50

ignorance

Question 51

invincible ignorance

Answer 51

ignorance which cannot be overcome by ordinary dilligence, not responsible

Question 52

vincible ignorance

Answer 52

ignorance that can be overcome by ordinary diligence, one is negligent in finding the truth. still responsible.

Question 53

willful ignorance

Answer 53

deliberetly keeping self from knowledge. responsible.

Question 54

the more good you do

Answer 54

the freer you become

Question 55

sinful people are - by their passions

Answer 55

enslaved

Question 56

human freedom is limited because man is limited, thus we cannot

Answer 56

do whatever we want (fly like a bird)

Question 57

freedom has a dependence on

Answer 57

truth

Question 58

truth corresponds to

Answer 58

objective reality

Question 59

human freedom is ordered to -, doing evil is not freedom but _

Answer 59

do good, an abuse of freedom

Question 60

because God respects our human freedom we cannot blame him for war/hunger

Answer 60

true

Question 61

we can grow in freedom by recieving

Answer 61

grace

Question 62

violence

Answer 62

movement exerted by an external source contrary to the will of the person it is exerted on. Impediment to freedom.

Question 63

violence can change what actions someone takes but they cannot change

Answer 63

their desires

Question 64

impediments to freedom

Answer 64

violence, fear

Question 65

fear

Answer 65

emotion caused by evil or danger, felt in the soul

Question 66

if fear is so intense that it deprives you of your reason it can destroy the

Answer 66

voluntariness of an act

Question 67

normally fear only lessens the

Answer 67

voluntariness of an act

Question 68

concupisence

Answer 68

unruly desires of the body

Question 69

antecedent concupisence

Answer 69

it is not willed in itself. (example: you did not wish to see someone naked, but you still thought lustfully about them instead of looking away) lessens responsibility slightly, but mortal sins are still mortal sins.

Question 70

consequent concupisence

Answer 70

follows the act of the will. completely deliberate actions, increases the voluntarinesss.

Question 71

concupisence does not destroy your

Answer 71

responsibility for doing evil actions

Question 72

god's grace does not diminish our freedom but rather enlightens out minds and strengthens our will

Answer 72

true

Question 73

conscience is not

Answer 73

a feeling, theoretical judgement

Question 74

conscience is a

Answer 74

practical judgement that judges a particular act as right or wrong

Question 75

conscience comes from cum scienta which means

Answer 75

with knowledge

Question 76

conscience is a wittness because it

Answer 76

confronts man with the law and becomes a wittness to his faithfulness to God's law

Question 77

we have an obligation to form a sound conscience which is - to make correct moral judgements

Answer 77

necessary

Question 78

how do we form a conscience

Answer 78

acceptance of moral teachings of the church as our mother and teacher, knowledge of christian life and doctrine seek out truth, prayer and meditation conversation with god, personal examination, spiritual direction (meeting with priest)

Question 79

divisions of conscience

Answer 79

antecedent (preceeds actions, is what I am doing good or evil), concomitant (during action), consequent (after)

Question 80

a true or correct conscience will

Answer 80

deduce from true principals if something is lawful

Question 81

erroneous conscience

Answer 81

decides from false principles considered as true that something is lawful which is actually unlawful

Question 82

doubtful conscience

Answer 82

doubt the moral good of every action, cannot make a choice

Question 83

evil means never justify

Answer 83

good ends

Question 84

love for god and neighbor

Answer 84

overrides any other consideration

Question 85

golden rule

Answer 85

treat others how you want to be treated

Question 86

scrupulous conscience

Answer 86

judges an action to be morally wrong when in fact it is not

Question 87

lax conscience

Answer 87

judges mortal sins to be venial and venial to be no sin at all

Question 88

conscience is not without error so we must always

Answer 88

seek to know true good

Question 89

culpability is

Answer 89

weakened intellect

Question 90

we can become blind to the truth through

Answer 90

habitual sin or refusing to seek what is good