Law of Pressure Flashcards
(29 cards)
irish scientist who pioneered the study of the relationship between the volume and the pressure of trapped gas
robert boyle (1627-1691)
the units of measurement used in Boyle’s experiment
cubic inches (in^3, volume), inches of mercury (inHg, pressure)
what happens to the volume of the trapped gas when the pressure increases?
it decreases
what happens to the volume when the pressure is doubled?
it reduced to half of its original value
works on the principle that warm air is less dense than cooler air
hot air balloon
states that for a given mass of gas, at constant temperature, the volume of the gas varies inversely with pressure
boyle’s law
when the pressure or volume is changed, the new value of the other variable can be determined for as long as?
neither the temperature or the amount of gas is changed
the equation of boyle’s law to consider two systems with the same amount of gas and temperature
p1 v1 = p2 v2
another way of writing boyle’s law that means that the new gas volume (v2), can be calculated by multiplying the original volume (v1) by the ratio of the original pressure (p1) with the new pressure (p2)
(p1 x v1) / p2 = v2
a balloon contains 30.0 L of helium gas at 103 kPa. What is the volume of the helium when the balloon rises to an altitude where the pressure is only 25.0 kPa?
1.24 x 10^2 L
a sample of neon gas occupies a volume of 677 ml at 134 kPa. What is the pressure of the sample if the volume is decreased to 642 ml?
141 kPa
he studied the relationship of a gas’s volume and temperature; he showed that the volume of a gas at constant pressure, increases when temperature increases
Jacques Charles (1746-1823)
all of the lines converge to _ volume at the same temperature, approximately, -273 degrees celcius.
zero
the lowest possible temperature at which a gas can go because a negative volume is physically impossible
-273 degrees celcius
in a kelvin scale, states that matter cannot be cooled further to temperatures below -273 degrees celcius.
absolute zero
states that the volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its kelvin temperature if the pressure is kept constant
charles’ law
in charles law, what happens to volume when the temperature of a gas doubles?
it also doubles
the standard equation of charles law
v1/t1 = v2/t2 or v1 x t2 = v2 x t1
a balloon inflated in a room at 24 degrees celcius has a volume of 4.00 L. The balloon is then heated to a temperature of 58.0 degrees celcius. what is the new volume if the pressure remains constant?
4.46 L
french scientist, physicist, and chemist who carried on Charles’ work on gases and eventually made a connection between pressure and temperature of gases when the volume and amount of gases are held constant
Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (1778-1850)
also known as lord Kelvin who used gay-Lussac’s measurements to determine the value of absolute zero
William Thomson (1824-1907)
what happens to the pressure when the temperature of gas increases assuming that the amount of gas and volume are held constant?
it also increases
the standard equation for gay-lussac’s law
p1 x t2 = p2 x t1
the gas in a used aerosol can is at a pressure of 103 kPa at 25 degrees celcius. if the can is thrown onto a fire, what will the pressure be when the temperature reaches 928 degrees celcsius?
4.15 x 10^2 kPa
