Laws

Question 1

Law of Mass action

Answer 1

when applied to elementary reaction - rate of reaction is proportional to the molar amount (concentration or partial pressure) of each reactant raised to the power of its reaction order

2H2 + O2 –(K1) –> 2H2O

Rate = K1(P(H2))^2(P(O2))

Question 2

Pauli exclusion principle

Answer 2

no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers

aka within orbitals, electrons must be opposite spin

Question 3

Boyle’s Law

Answer 3

pressure of gas is inversely proportional to the volume it occupies

Question 4

Henry’s Law

Answer 4

amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas

P=kC
p= pressure of gas
k= henry’s law constant
c=concentration of gas

Question 5

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Answer 5

the exact position and momentum of a particle cannot both be known at the same time

the uncertainty of position and moment are inversely proportional: the more accurate the position is known, the less accurate its momentum can be known

instead electrons are found within a probability distribution of where they most likely will be found

Question 6

nuclear force

Answer 6

attractive force that binds neutrons and protons in the nucleus

because protons and neutrons are approximately the same mass, they are influenced similarly by the nuclear force

Question 7

experimental control

Answer 7

measurement of all experimental conditions without independent variables

allows baseline measurements of dependent variables without independent variables

Question 8

colligative properties

Answer 8

affected by amount not by identity of the solute

for example: Rault’s law is that by adding more solute you will reduce the number of solute solvent intermolecular interactions because will decrease the concentration of the solvent which is a colligative property.

ex: Freezing point is affected by amount of solute, not by the reactivity of it which is a chemical property