Laws, Principles, and Formulas Flashcards
Reynolds’s number (Nr)
Helps determine if you have turbulent flow
Nr = (velocity x Density x 2Radius) / Viscosity
If product > 2000, turbulent flow can be expected
Poiseuille Law
V = ∆Pπ r^4 / 8Ln
Describes flow of fluids (air or liquid) in a tube.
Variables it takes into account are:
-flow (Q)
-viscosity (n)
-pressure gradient across tube (P)
-Length (L)
-radius (R)
greater than 2000 = turbulent
Newtons Law 1
Law of inertia: object in motion stays in motion
Newtons Law 2
F = M x A
When a constant force acts on a massive body, it causes it to accelerate at a constant rate
Newtons law 3
Action-reaction law: For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Pascals law
P change in enclosed fluid = transferred undiminished through entire fluid/walls
Hooke’s Law
TLDR: Describes elasticity.
The elastic body stretches equal units of length/volume for each unit of weight/force applied to it
Limit:
(until the elastic limit of the system is reached). Exceeding the limit results in permanent distortion of the spring.
Boyles law
P1V1 = P2V2
Relationship of variables: -INVERSE-
Pressure and volume of a gas system vary inversely if the temp. and amount of gas are constant.
Charles Law
V1/T1 = V2/T2
Relationship of variables: -DIRECT-
Temp and vol. of a gas system vary directly if the pressure and amount of gas are constant.
Gay-Lussac’s law
P1/T1 = P2/T2
Relationship of variables: -DIRECT-
pressure and temp of a gas system vary directly if the volume and amount of gas in the system are constant.
Venturi Principle
P drop by restriction can be reversed with gradual tube dilation no more than 15 degrees
Bernoulli principle
As forward pressure of fluid/gas increases, lateral Pressure decreases
Bohr effect
Increased CO2 in tissues decreases affinity between O2 and Hb.
TLDR: Dumps O2 at tissues
Haldane effect
The affinity of hemoglobin for CO2 is greater when it is not combined with 02.
TLDR:
Promotes the dissociation of CO2 from hemoglobin.
Henry’s law
Amount of dissolved gas in a liquid is proportional to the pressure of the gas around the liquid
Factors Affecting Hb Affinity for O2:
Increased Affinity (shift to left)
Decrease in:
-PCO2
-H+
-Temp.
-DPG
Increase in:
PH
Factors Affecting Hb Affinity for O2:
Decrease Affinity (shift to right)
Decrease in:
-PH
Increase in:
-PCO2
-H+
-Temp
-DPG
BMI Calculation
Wt (Kg) / Ht (m)
How do you find O2 content of arterial blood (CaO2)?
What is CaO2’s normal range?
normal range = 15-20
How do you find O2 content of arterial blood (CaO2)?
What is CaO2’s normal range?
normal range = 15-20
How do you find the O2 content of mixed venous blood (CvO2)?
What is CvO2’s normal range?
Normal Range = 12-15%
How do you calculate Cardiac Output (CO)?
what is CO’s normal range?
CO = HR x SV
(heart rate x SV)
-SV = stroke volume, blood ejected by ventricles.
NORMAL RANGE = 4-8 L/min
How do you calculate oxygen delivery (DO2)?
What is DO2’s normal range?
DO2 = CO x CaO2
NORMAL RANGE = 1000ml/min
note
you may have to multiply CO by 10 to convert units…
-So it should be [CO(10)] x CaO2 in our class.
How do you calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
[Systolic BP + (2 x Diastolic)] / 3
