laxatives ch20

Question 1

Terms for laxative:
(he said don’t worry too much tho)
1) laxative
2) cathartic
3) purgative

Answer 1

1) mild laxative effect - soft stool
2) more intense -> w/ more fluid

Question 2

General mech of laxative action

Answer 2

• increase motility
• prevent absorption of water
• enhance secretion
• dissolve or lubricate fecal mas

Question 3

what are the 4 bulk forming laxative

Answer 3

1) dietary fiber
2) methylcellulose
3) psyllium
4) polycarbophil

Question 4

Dietary Fiber
1) type of laxative
2) Function to and mimic
3) Characteristic in water and what patient must do to compensate

Answer 4

1) Bulk lax made primarily of cellulose

2) mimic healthy diet to produce stool not to soft or hard

3) Insoluble and require increased water intake

Question 5

Methylcellulose
1) type of laxative
2) Function to and mimic
3) Characteristic in water

Answer 5

1) Bulk lax that is synthetic cellulose derivative: Carboxymethyl cellulose

2) behaves like dietary fiber

3) insoluble-> need drink more water

Question 6

Psyllium
1) type of laxative
2) Function to and mimic
3) Characteristic in water

Answer 6

1) bulk lax made from Plantago seed

2) dietary fiber

3) insoluble

Question 7

Polycarbophil
1) type of laxative
2) Function to and mimic
3) Characteristic in water

Answer 7

1) bulk lax made of polyacryllic resin

2) dietary fiber normal poop

3) forms more gelatinous poop but relatively normal

Question 8

What are the safest type of laxatives for chronic constipation

Answer 8

Bulk Laxativrs
- dietary fiber
-methylcellulose
-psyllium
- polycarbophil

Question 9

What are the two contact stimulant laxatives/ cathartics

Answer 9

Bisacodyl
and
Senna/sennosides

Question 10

Simethicone is incorporated into laxatives for what purpose

Answer 10

anti fart flatulance

Question 11

1) Bisacodyl and Senna are what type of laxatives?

2) Where in body do they take effect? and what they do

3) should be avoided in chronic use due to what 3 reasons

Answer 11

1) Stim lax/ cathartics

2) act on Intestinal MUCOSAL EPITHELIA to do 3 things:
a) increase secretion
b) inhibit reabsorption of H2O and electrolytes
c) stim motility

3) Chronic use can–>. -DAMAGE INTESTINAL MUCOSA
- LAX DEPENDENCe
- increase risk of IBS

Question 12

Castor oil
-where hydrolyzed
-adverse effects
-previous use

Answer 12

oil of the castor plant

-> hydrolyzed in intestines to create ricinoleic acid acts on SMALL INTESTINE

-> overcounted and was previously used prior to colonoscopy

-> known for intense effects causing pain and cramping

Question 13

What are Osmotic Laxatives and name the 3

Answer 13

LIQUIDY POOP
Poorly absorbed salts/ sugars which create a higher osmolarity in lumen of intestinal tract to pull/keep water from being reabsorbed -> more water= easier poop

1) Magnesium Hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia)

2) Lactulose

3) Polyethylene glycol

Question 14

Magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia

Class
1) composition
2) action
3) absorption

Answer 14

Osmotic lax

1) composed of magnesium and sodium salts

2) pulls/ keeps water in intestinal tract for liquiy poop

3) poor absorption stay in lumen

Question 15

Lactulose

class
1) composition
2) action
3) absorption

Answer 15

Osmotic

1) composed of disacharides

2) pulls/ keeps water in intestinal tract for liquiy poop

3) poor absorption stay in lumen

Question 16

Polyethylene glycol

drug class
1) composition
2) use***
2b) prevention of what imbalance
3) absorption

Answer 16

osmotic lax

1) Long chain alcohol w/ strong osmotic effect

2) ***Go to drug prior to surgery or colonoscropy
Patients would drink a full gallon prior to

2b) electrolytes are added to solution to compensate for electrolyte imbalance making it fairly safe

3) poor absorption to keep water in intestinal tract

Question 17

Lubracating agent
1) composition
2) use
3) issues with elder people
4) other issues

Answer 17

1) long chain hydrocarbon -> petroleum

2) make ass and poop slippery

3) ** older people may end up aspirating drug when consuming -> make way into lungs
-> causes LIPID PNUEMONIA/ITIS

4) ** decrease fat soluble absorption (vit: ADEK)

Question 18

Surface Active Agent

1) what is the drug

3) function
4) effect on other drugs

Answer 18

1) Docusate Sodium - fecal softener

3) is a literal detergent which breaks/softens fecal mass

4) May increase solubility of other drugs

(lipid soluble drugs)

Question 19

LUbiprostine

1) use
2) mech
3) adverse

Answer 19

1) Cronic idiopathic constapation and IBS

2) act of Cl- channels brush border to increase fluid secretion

3) Headache (he talked about this for long time so )

nausea diarrhea etc…