Layers of Earth

Question 1

a rigid layer that can break under stress.

Answer 1

lithosphere

Question 2

the major and minor blocks of the lithosphere.

Answer 2

tectonic plates

Question 3

tend to move fluid or gas particles from one place to another.

Answer 3

convection currents

Question 4

how thick is the asthenosphere?
what is in the asthenosphere?
and where is the asthenosphere?

Answer 4

-180 km
-contains hot, molten rocks or magma.
-below the lithosphere

Question 5

who is Edmund Halley?

Answer 5

-an English astronomer and a mathematician who theorize that earth is hallow (unfilled space) and that there are inner concentric layers below the crust that float in gas.

Question 6

the outermost part layer of the earth where life exists.

Answer 6

crust

Question 7

how thick is the crust?

Answer 7

5-70 km

Question 8

which crust makes up the continent?
how thick is this crust?
what is it made of?

Answer 8

-continental crust
-40 km to 70 km
-light granitic rocks made up of mostly aluminum silicates.

Question 9

which crust underlies the ocean floor?
how thick is this crust?
what is it made of?

Answer 9

-oceanic crust
-5 km
-it is composed of dense basaltic rocks made up of magnesium silicates.

Question 10

how thick is the mantle?

Answer 10

2900 km

Question 11

mantle’s description?
what is it made of?
top layer’s temperature?
as it goes deeper, what will be the temperature now?

Answer 11

-80% of earth and carries most of its mass.
-composed of ferro-magnesium silicate rocks.
-900°C
-1000°C to 3700°C

Question 12

core’s 2 distinct layer

Answer 12

liquid outer core & solid inner core

Question 13

outer core’s description?
temperature?
what is it made of?

Answer 13

-the layer of earth that is only liquid.
-3700°C to 4300°C
-is made out of molten nickel and iron.

Question 14

inner core’s description?
temperature?
what is it made of?

Answer 14

-extremely hot
-6000°C
-mostly solid iron.

Question 15

how thick is the outer core?

Answer 15

2270 km

Question 16

how thick is the inner core?

Answer 16

1220 km

Question 17

Mohorovičić discontinuity

Answer 17

between the crust and the upper mantle.

Question 18

Gutenberg discontinuity

Answer 18

between lower mantle and the outer core

Question 19

Lehmann discontinuity

Answer 19

between the liquid outer core and the solid inner core

Question 20

Andrija Mohorovičić achieved

Answer 20

-the crust was made of less dense material and that mantle consisted of a much denser material.

Question 21

Andrija Mohorovičić about earthquake waves

Answer 21

-he observed that some types of waves pass through the interior of earth but bend or deflect upon hitting certain depths.

Question 22

Andrija Mohorovičić about seismic waves near the surface

Answer 22

-it moved slower than those that passed through the interior of earth.
-earthquake waves move more slowly through the crust.

(note: scientific fact that all kinds of waves travel faster and in a straight path through solid objects)