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EARTH SCIENCE > Layers of the Earth > Flashcards

Layers of the Earth Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 different layers of the Earth?

A

Crust, mantle, outer core and inner core

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2
Q

Most outer layer of the earth where we live on.

A

Crust

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3
Q

Thinnest layer of the earth. Solid layer made of rock

A

Crust

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4
Q

How many kilometers thick does the crust is?

A

Around 30 kilometers thick

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5
Q

Second most outer layer of the earth and is a really thick liquid layer made of molten rock.

A

Mantle

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6
Q

Thickest layer of the earth

A

Mantle

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7
Q

SOLID OR LIQUID

Mantle

A

LIQUID

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8
Q

IDENTIFY

The mantle is sometimes called a ____________ instead of liquid.

A

plastic layer

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9
Q

How many kilometers thick does the mantle is?

A

3,000 kilometers thick

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10
Q

What part of the earth is next to the outer core?

A

Mantle

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11
Q

What part of the mantle is hotter than the rest?

A

Mantle closest to the outer core.

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12
Q

What is being made in the mantle that move the crust above around?

A

currents

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13
Q

Explain the cycle in the mantle.

A

The part of the mantle that is hotter is lighter, so it floats to the top and cools. After it has cooled, it sinks again because it is heavier.

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14
Q

Hotter : ________

A

lighter

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15
Q

cooler : ________

A

heavier

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16
Q

Third most outer layer of the earth.

A

Outer core

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17
Q

Center and solid layer of the earth.

A

Inner core

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18
Q

Inner core is made up of?

A

Nickel and iron

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19
Q

SOLID OR LIQUID

Inner core

A

SOLID

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20
Q

How many kilometers thick does the inner core is?

A

250-400 kilometers thick

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21
Q

Hottest layer of the earth.

A

Inner core

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22
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

The inner core is solid even though it is the hottest layer of the earth.

A

TRUE

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23
Q

Why inner core stays solid?

A

Because there is so much weight on it. The little bits that make it up have no room to move.

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24
Q

What are the 3 types of plate tectonic boundaries?

A

Convergent, divergent and transform boundaries

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25
What is convergent plate boundary?
The plates move towards each other.
26
What is transform plate boundary?
The plates slide past one another.
27
What is divergent plate boundary?
The plates move away from each other.
28
Who proposed that the continents were once a single supercontinent called Pangaea (all land).
Alfred Wegener
29
What is the name of the single supercontinent?
Pangaea
30
What does Pangaea means?
all land or all the earth
31
Alfred Wegener's theory that the continents were once a single supercontinent called Pangaea (all land).
Continental drift theory
32
TRUE OR FALSE | Over time, this supercontinent slowly broke apart into what we have today - the 6 continents.
FALSE, 7 continents
33
What are the 4 evidence of Alfred Wegener to support his theory?
Puzzle, fossils, rock types and climate
34
Explain those 4 evidence of Alfred Wegener.
;))
35
What is the theory of plate tectonics?
The crust is broken up into pieces that move on top of the liquid mantle (asthenosphere).
36
liquid mantle
asthenosphere
37
IDENTIFY | These pieces of crust are called _________.
Tectonic plates/plates
38
TRUE OR FALSE | Plates are moving extremely slowly but continuously.
TRUE
39
How many inches do crust moves?
1-2 inches
40
Why we do not feel that the crust is moving?
Because it has a minimal measurement of 1-2 inches per year.
41
Enumerate the 7 major plates.
Eurasian, African, Australian-Indian, North American, Pacific, Antarctic and South American.
42
Enumerate the 7 intermediate plates.
Caribbean, Cocos, Nazca, Arabian, Philippine, Juan de Fuca and Scotia
43
What are the 2 main types of plates?
Oceanic and continental
44
Why oceanic plates subduct underneath continental crust?
Because it is denser (heavier).
45
DENSER OR LESS DENSE | Continental plates
LESS DENSE
46
DENSER OR LESS DENSE | Oceanic plates
DENSER
47
What does it mean when a material has a high density? What happens?
It is very compact, so it will be heavy. It will sink.
48
What does it mean when a material has a low density? What happens?
It is less compact, so it will be lighter. It will float.
49
IDENTIFY | Geologists often refer to the rocks of the continental crust as "________".
"sial"
50
What does sial stands for?
SI licate and AL uminum
51
What are the most abundant minerals in the continental crust?
silicate and aluminum
52
Lithosphere is made up of?
Crust and top of the upper mantle
53
Asthenosphere is made up of?
Rest of the upper mantle that is made of melted rock.
54
Upper mantle : __________
melted rock
55
Lower mantle : __________
solid rock
56
What is being created as the earth spins, creating charged particles?
Earth's magnetic field
57
Why inner core is a solid layer?
Due to its extreme temperature brought by nickel and iron, capability of melting of the nickel and iron and reach their melting point, and extreme gravitational pressure.
58
Contains all known life in the universe.
Crust
59
Earth's crust is divided into 2 types. What are those?
Continental crust and oceanic crust
60
IDENTIFY | Geologists often refer to the rocks of the oceanic crust as "________".
"sima"
61
What does sima stands for?
SI licate and MA gnesium
62
What are the most abundant minerals in the oceanic crust?
silicate and magnesium
63
IDENTIFY | Mantle is divided into ____________ and ____________.
upper mantle and lower mantle
64
TRUE OR FALSE | Oceanic and continental plates come together, spread apart and interact at boundaries all over the planet.
TRUE
65
Each crust, mantle and core can be further divided into 2 parts. What are those?
Oceanic and continental crust, upper and lower mantle and outer and inner core.
66
In depth study, core is made up of 2 parts. What are those?
liquid outer core and solid inner core
67
TRUE OR FALSE | Inner core is made up of nickel, iron and light elements.
FALSE, outer core
68
What are the reasons why earth is constantly moving?
Due to the rotation on its axis, revolution around the sun and plate tectonics.
69
What are the 2 layers of the earth divided into?
Compositional layers and mechanical layers
70
It talks about the earth's elements, materials and properties. Crust, mantle and core are included in this layer.
Compositional layers
71
It talks about movement. Lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, liquid outer core and solid inner core are included in this layer.
Mechanical layers
72
Starting point of high temperature and increase in pressure.
Mesosphere
73
______ million years ago, all continents are connected to each other forming a super continent called __________.
200, Pangaea
74
What does Pangaea means?
"all the earth" or "all land"
75
What theory is made when Pangaea broke down into small continents?
Continental drift theory
76
Where 2 tectonic plates meet?
At boundaries
77
3 types of plate tectonic boundaries.
Convergent, divergent and transform
78
What zone is formed at convergent plate boundaries?
Subduction zone
79
What is subduction zone?
Denser plate will sink, while less dense crust will move up.
80
Plates in this boundary can collide and could form a mountain range.
Convergent plate boundary
81
How earthquakes are created at transform plate boundaries?
When pressure builds up in the fault line until it creates an earthquake.
82
Plates slide past each other.
Transform plate boundary
83
Plates move apart from one another. An example of this is a sea floor movement.
Divergent plate boundary
84
TRUE OR FALSE | The Philippine plate is an intermediate plate included in the Pacific major plate.
TRUE

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