{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "name": "Brainscape", "url": "https://www.brainscape.com/", "logo": "https://www.brainscape.com/pks/images/cms/public-views/shared/Brainscape-logo-c4e172b280b4616f7fda.svg", "sameAs": [ "https://www.facebook.com/Brainscape", "https://x.com/brainscape", "https://www.linkedin.com/company/brainscape", "https://www.instagram.com/brainscape/", "https://www.tiktok.com/@brainscapeu", "https://www.pinterest.com/brainscape/", "https://www.youtube.com/@BrainscapeNY" ], "contactPoint": { "@type": "ContactPoint", "telephone": "(929) 334-4005", "contactType": "customer service", "availableLanguage": ["English"] }, "founder": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Andrew Cohen" }, "description": "Brainscape’s spaced repetition system is proven to DOUBLE learning results! Find, make, and study flashcards online or in our mobile app. Serious learners only.", "address": { "@type": "PostalAddress", "streetAddress": "159 W 25th St, Ste 517", "addressLocality": "New York", "addressRegion": "NY", "postalCode": "10001", "addressCountry": "USA" } }

Layout Strategies Flashcards

to be not biot (52 cards)

1
Q

Types of Layout

A

Office layout
Retail layout
Warehouse layout
Fixed-position layout
Process-oriented layout
Work-cell layout
Product-oriented layout

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2
Q

Positions workers, their equipment, and spaces/offices to provide for movement of information

A

Office layout

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3
Q

Allocates shelf space and responds to customer behavior

A

Retail layout

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4
Q

Addresses trade-offs between space and material handling

A

Warehouse layout

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5
Q

Addresses the layout requirements of large, bulky projects such as ships and buildings

A

Fixed-position layout

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6
Q

Deals with low-volume, high-variety production (also called job shop or intermittent production)

A

Process-oriented layout

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7
Q

Arranges machinery and equipment to focus on production of a single product or group of related products

A

Work cell layout

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8
Q

Seeks the best personnel and machine utilizations in repetitive or continuous production

A

Product-oriented layout

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9
Q
  • Objective is to locate workers requiring frequent contact close to one another
  • Movement of information is main distinction
  • Typically in state of flux due to frequent technological changes
A

Office layout

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10
Q

Objective is to expose customer to high-margin items

A

Retail layout

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11
Q
  • Objective is to balance low-cost storage with low-cost material handling
  • Objective is to optimize trade-offs between handling costs and costs associated with warehouse space
  • Maximize the total “cube” of the warehouse – utilize its full volume while maintaining low material handling costs
A

Warehouse (storage) layout

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12
Q

Objective is to move material to the limited storage areas around the site

A

Project (fixed position)

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13
Q

Objective is to manage varied material flow for each product

A

Job Shop (process oriented) layout

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14
Q

Objective is to identify a product family, build teams, cross train team members

A

Work Cell (product families)

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15
Q

Objective is to equalize the task time at each workstation

A

Repetitive/Continuous (product oriented)

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16
Q

Good Layouts Consider

A

Material handling equipment
Capacity and space requirements
Environment and aesthetics
Flows of information
Cost of moving between various work areas

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17
Q

Three Physical and Social Aspects of Office Layout

A

Proximity
Privacy
Permission

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18
Q

Two major trends in Office Layout

A

Information technology
Dynamic needs for space and services

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19
Q

Shows the value of relationship of a person/department to one another

A

Relationship Chart

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20
Q

Objective is to maximize profitability per square foot of floor space
Sales and profitability vary directly with customer exposure

A

Supermarket Retail Layout

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21
Q

Manufacturers pay fees to retailers to get the retailers to display (slot) their product

A

Retail Slotting

22
Q

Contributing factors to retail Slotting

A

Limited shelf space
An increasing number of new products
Better information about sales through POS data collection
Closer control of inventory

23
Q

Servicescapes

A

Ambient conditions
Spatial layout
Signs, symbols, and artifacts

24
Q

background characteristics such as lighting, sound, smell, and temperature

A

Ambient Conditions

25
which involve customer circulation path planning, aisle characteristics, and product grouping
Spatial layout and functionality
26
characteristics of building design that carry social significance
Signs, symbols, and artifacts
27
Material Handling Costs
Incoming transport Storage Finding and moving material Outgoing transport Equipment, people, material, supervision, insurance, depreciation
28
Warehouse density tends to vary directly with the number of different items stored (T or F)
FALSE!!!!! (inversely) not directly
29
ASRS
Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems
30
ASRSs can significantly improve warehouse productivity by an estimated __%
500%
31
Materials are moved directly from receiving to shipping and are not placed in storage in the warehouse
Cross-Docking
32
AIS
Automatic Identification Systems
33
Typically requires automatic identification systems (AISs) and effective information systems
Random Stocking
34
- Value-added activities performed at the warehouse - Enable low cost and rapid response strategies
Customizing
35
- Product remains in one place - Workers and equipment come to site - Complicating factors - Limited space at site - Different materials required at different stages of the project - Volume of materials needed is dynamic
Fixed-Position Layout
36
As much of the project as possible is completed off-site in a product-oriented facility This can significantly improve efficiency but is only possible when multiple similar units need to be created
Alternative Strategy
37
- Like machines and equipment are grouped together - Flexible and capable of handling a wide variety of products or services - Scheduling can be difficult and setup, material handling, and labor costs can be high - Arrange work centers so as to minimize the costs of material handling
Process-Oriented Layout
38
Basic cost elements are
Number of loads (or people) moving between centers Distance of loads (or people) moving between centers
39
Graphical approach only works for small problems (T or F)
TRUE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
40
- Reorganizes people and machines into groups to focus on single products or product groups - Group technology identifies products that have similar characteristics for particular cells - Volume must justify cells - Cells can be reconfigured as designs or volume changes
Work Cells
41
Advantages of Work Cells
1. Reduced work-in-process inventory 2. Less floor space required 3. Reduced raw material and finished goods inventories 4. Reduced direct labor cost 5. Heightened sense of employee participation 6. Increased equipment and machinery utilization 7. Reduced investment in machinery and equipment
42
Requirements of Work Cells
- Identification of families of products - A high level of training, flexibility and empowerment of employees - Being self-contained, with its own equipment and resources - Test (poka-yoke) at each station in the cell
43
Takt time
Total work time available / units required
44
Workers Required
Total Operation time required / Takt Time
45
- Used for evaluating operation times in work cells - Can help identify bottleneck operations - Flexible, cross-trained employees can help address labor bottlenecks - Machine bottlenecks may require other approaches
Work Balance Charts
46
- Identify a large family of similar products that have a large and stable demand - Moves production from a general-purpose, process-oriented facility to a large work cell
Focused Work Center
47
- A focused work cell in a separate facility - May be focused by product line, layout, quality, new product introduction, flexibility, or other requirements
Focused Factory
48
Organized around products or families of similar high-volume, low-variety products 1. Volume is adequate for high equipment utilization 2. Product demand is stable enough to justify high investment in specialized equipment 3. Product is standardized or approaching a phase of life cycle that justifies investment 4. Supplies of raw materials and components are adequate and of uniform quality
Repetitive and Product-Oriented Layout
49
Product-Oriented Layouts
1. Fabrication Line 2. Assembly Line
50
- Builds components on a series of machines - Machine-paced - Require mechanical or engineering changes to balance
Fabrication Line
51
- Puts fabricated parts together at a series of workstations - Paced by work tasks - Balanced by moving tasks
Assembly Line
52
- Objective is to minimize the imbalance between machines or personnel while meeting required output - Starts with the precedence relationships
Assembly-Line Balancing